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Only tall stacks of documents recording the steel of fact and the fog of dream could tell the intricate tale of the shaping of a national fate, of men saying Yes when they meant No and No when they meant Perhaps; of newspapers North and South lying to their readers and pandering to the cheaper passions of party, clique, and class interest; of the men and women of the ruling classes North and South being dominated more often than not by love of money, wealth, power, distinction, luxury, servants, jewels, and display beyond necessity or importance; of the Southern planters and merchants being $200,000,000 in debt to the North and chiefly to the money controllers of New York City; of the paradoxes involved in the Northern hope of the black man’s freedom in the South; of the jealousy of Virginia and Kentucky slave-breeders, whose market was interfered with by the African slave-traders; of the race question that was one thing in the blizzard region of New England, where a Negro was pointed out on the streets as a rare curiosity, and something else again in the deep drowsy tropical South, where in so many areas the Negro outnumbered the white man; of the greed of Savannah and Mobile slave-traders, who mocked at the law prohibiting them from buying Negroes in Africa and selling those Negroes in Cuba for delivery in the Gulf Coast canebrakes and everglades; of how the prohibitory law as to fugitive slaves was mocked at and made a byword by abolitionists stealing slave property and running it North to freedom; of abolitionists hanged, shot, stabbed, mutilated, disfigured facially by vitriol, their home doorways painted with human offal; of the Northern manufacturer being able to throw out men or machines no longer profitable while the Southern planter could not so easily scrap his production apparatus of living black men and women; of the New York Times elaborately analyzing the Northern wage and money system as having “masses of disposable capital” while the assets of the South were fixed and frozen through the slavery system; of stock and bond markets becoming huge gambling enterprises in which fleeced customers learned later that the dice had been loaded; of a new mass production intricately organized in firearms and watch factories; of automatic machinery slightly guided by human hands producing shoes, fabrics, scissors, pins, and imitation jewelry sold by a chain of Dollar Stores; of a wilderness of oil derricks sprung up in western Pennsylvania, and the new gas engine of the French inventor Lenoir; of sky-climbing balloons soaring 23,000 feet and the prediction that soon there would be passenger balloons to Europe; of microscopically exact gauges to measure one ten-thousandth of an inch for you, sir; of such curious statistics as the Far Western State of Iowa having double the white population of South Carolina; of the persistent national vision of a railroad to the Pacific joining East and West coasts; of covered wagons heading west with the Sign “Pike’s Peak or Bust” and others returning with the sign “Busted by Gosh,” of still other wagons emblazoned “Ho for California,” “Oregon or Death,” or “The Eleventh Commandment: Mind Your Own Business”; of five hundred westbound wagons a day passing through Fort Kearney, Nebraska; of horse stages taking passengers west across plains, desert, mountains, against thirst, heat, alkali water, sandstorms, Indians, bandits, breakdowns, in a regular twenty-three-day run from St. Louis to San Francisco; of the pony express running the United States mail from St. Joseph, Missouri, to San Francisco in eleven days, using five hundred horses and eighty riders, each taking the sacks an average of 133⅓ miles, carrying knife and revolver, riding three ponies to one stretch, sliding off one and hopping another, a living chain of human service going on day or night, in moonlight, under stars or in darkness, through rain, snow, sleet, over level prairies, hugging steep mountain trails and across desert paths laid through cactus and sage better known to the lizard and the coyote; of farming machinery that doubled and tripled the range of crop land one man could handle; of woman’s household work lightened by labor-saving sewing machines, churns, egg-beaters, and like devices; of the casual and unquestioned statement that “two centuries ago not one person in a thousand wore stockings, one century ago not one person in five hundred wore them, and now not one person in a thousand is without them”; of Abraham Lincoln thumbing through his personal copy of Blackwood’s Magazine and reading that in thirty years the population of the United States would double and in 1940 reach 303,000,000; of immense stretches of land where sod might yet be broken for unnumbered millions to come; of empires of production, trade, and profits that glimmered in the prospects of practical men who had in the past ten years spent $400,000,000 on railroads and canals between the Midwest and the Atlantic seaboard; of lands, homesteads, fortunes, and vast exploits of money and living waiting out yonder where the railroad whistle would shatter old solitudes; of backbreaking labor performed by Irish construction gangs on railroads and canals; of merciless dog-eat-dog rivalries among merchants, manufacturers, transportation interests, financiers, battling for customers and trade areas; of customers higgling and haggling over retail-store prices and the almost unbelievable announcement of A.T. Stewart’s department store in New York that goods and articles had one price only, as marked, and the buyer could take it or leave it; of the animalism of the exploitation of man by man North and South; of the miscellaneous array of propertied interests in the North which would stand to lose trade and profits, land titles, mineral rights, payments of legitimate debts, through a divided Union of States; of the clean and inexplicably mystic dream that lay in many humble hearts of an indissoluble Federal Union of States; of the Mississippi River system draining 1,000,000 square miles of rich farm land, floating $60,000,000 worth of steamboats, hauling from twelve States; of the certainty that the new Republican-party power at Washington would be aimed to limit extension of slavery and put it in the course of ultimate extinction; of the 260,000 free Negroes of the South owning property valued at $25,000,000, one of them being the wealthiest landowner in Jefferson County, Virginia; of at least one in every hundred free Negroes owning one or two slaves, a few owning fifty or more; of the Southern poor white lacking slaves, land, and the decent creature comforts of the Negro house servant, lacking the guarantees of food, clothing, shelter, and employment assured the Negro field hand; of the Southern poor white often clutching as his dearest personal possession the fact that he was not born black; of Northern factory hands and garment-trade workers paid a bare subsistence wage, lacking security against accident, sickness, old age, unemployment while alive and funeral costs when finally dead; of the vague hope across the South that Northwestern States might join their Confederacy or form a confederacy of their own hostile to New England and allied to the South; of the one-crop Cotton States’ heavy dependence on the Border Slave States and the North for food supplies, animal fodder, implements, and clothing; of the Cotton States’ delusion that New England and Europe were economic dependents of King Cotton; of the American system having densely intricate undergrowths, old rootholds of a political past, suddenly interfered with by rank and powerful economic upshoots; of landed feudalism touched with Jeffersonian democracy, Hamiltonian individualism, medieval ecclesiasticism, shot through from the growths of oncoming modern capitalism moderated and offset by an immense domain of cheap land absorbing otherwise disturbing and antagonistic elements.

Silas Watkins fights the Reaper

This Passage is taken from A History of America: Great Men and Failed Men, published in 1956. The book was pulled from stores after selling only 23 copies, when readers discovered a passage describing Abraham Lincoln in not-very-favorable terms that implied America would be better if John Wilkes Booth had acted 5 years earlier. I was ‘lucky’ enough to inherit the book from my grandfather, who himself described the book as an “utter piece of trash, only read it if you want to lose a few brain cells." The following passage concerns a brief history of the Rocky Mountains and the life of one Silas Watkins, who the author described as “a quintessential failure of a human being.” The only critic to ever read the book described this section in particular as “Lies and meaningless balderdash ... nothing more than the delusions of a raving-mad author.”
Many miles west of Denver in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, there is an overgrown dirt trail, beginning at the edge of the Great American Desert, winding many miles through the thick pine forests into the heart of the mountain range, at times plunging down into gorges carved by once-magnificent rivers reduced to muddy streams, or reaching into the sparse shrubbery above the treeline, and finally terminating west of the mountain range near the Utah border. The trail gained prominence in the late 1830s when missionaries traversed the rocky, barren mountains to reach the fertile lands of the Pacific Northwest. However, they quickly decided to move north to Oregon trail, finding that dysentery and Indian raids were preferable to a slow death by starvation while trapped high in the Rocky Mountains. The trail regained prominence during Colorado’s gold rush due to a number of lucrative mines located along the trail. It became a bustling route, wide enough to fit two wagons, with a number of camp towns along the way for the young men mining the mountains to rest, drink at one of the boisterous saloons, and perhaps spend some “private time” with the notorious women of these camps. However, by the 1880s the trail had once again fallen into disuse due to competition from the transcontinental railroads. A four-month, often lethal journey through the Rocky mountains on foot simply didn’t have the same charm as a four-day trip on the technological wonder of the iron horse. By the turn of the century, the trail had all but disappeared, the Colorado wilderness devouring the camp-towns and leaving behind a few lonely ghost towns nestled high in the Rocky Mountain.
Overall, the history of the Rocky Mountain trail would not have been anything to note, except the origin of the trail eluded the early settlers of the West. America’s earliest pioneers of the West, the Mountain Men, were more concerned with committing genocide against local beaver populations than recording detailed histories of Western settlement. Still, quite a few journals from the Mountain Men provide insight into the overland routes through the Rocky Mountains, and all point to this dirt trail as an enigma, a trail already well-traveled when the first Mountain Men hadn’t even crossed the entire mountain range yet. Of course speculation was rampant among early settlers about the mystery of the eternal trail. Some believed that Spanish Conquistadors, fresh from conquering the great civilization of the Aztecs with the power of infectious disease, had found the mythical city of El Dorado on the other side of the mountain range; others insisted that the Ute tribe possessed untold riches tucked away in one of the many dark, winding caves along the trails, tunnels which could only be navigated with the aid of the ‘murderous nature spirits’ that the ‘savage natives’ had befriended; and still others told tales of Paul Bunyan-esque giants who had traversed the rocky mountains in the days before Europeans arrived in America, using the blue spruces as toothpicks and snow-capped mountains as sledding hills.
Of course all these theories were nonsense, the types of tales that kids told each out of boredom, or that grandparents recounted to their grandchildren when their minds had become so deteriorated from old age that the line between reality and fantasy had completely disappeared. However, these extravagant tales of the supernatural had some influence on the miners living at the camps, though they seemed to believe in something more sinister. Being on the trail after midnight was a taboo among the gold rushers, and a number of stories circulated around the camps about a strange presence roaming the trail at night that killed anyone out after midnight.
Perhaps the best account of what exactly happened along the mysterious Rocky Mountain trail comes from Silas Watkins. Silas was the son of Italian immigrants who, escaping effective serfdom farming the great tomato fields of Northern Italy, had packed up their bags and scrounged all their money to pay for a one-way trip across the Atlantic. Silas’s parents settled in one of New York City’s Little Italys, and in the great Catholic tradition of causing overpopulation, immediately began procreating.
Silas became the third of twelve children. As a boy, Silas had been ingrained with traditional American values: a strong work ethic, rugged individualism, and, of course, money. In an era saturated with rags-to-riches stories, Silas coveted the American Dream of pulling himself up by his bootstraps and becoming a millionaire.
In his teens Silas had become an apprentice for one of the few remaining blacksmiths in America at the time, who left Silas his business upon his early death. The blacksmith also left behind a daughter who would become Silas’s wife. The two were by no means lovebirds; blacksmithing was a dying profession in industrial America, and as the couple acquired more debt they got into a number of fights. Both had a fierce temper and violent streaks, with blue marks and red scratches on their faces indicating the fights weren’t just confined to words. Often, they were so loud and violent that loan sharks and racketeers sent to collect money shrank away at the dreadful shouting and crashing originating from their meager home. Gangs all over New York City dubbed their home “the Demons’ Den,” and new recruits were often sent there to collect money as a hazing ritual, though many came away just as beaten and bloody as the couple themselves.
After the bank foreclosed on their home, and with a child on the way, the couple decided to take a gamble and leave their current lives behind, heading to California where they hoped to become prosperous grain farmers. Unable to pay the railroad ticket fee, they made the trek largely by walking, occasionally hitchhiking on the back of rickety wooden wagons whose owners were kind enough to carry them (though most regretted that decision pretty soon when they began hearing shouting from the back of their wagons). The couple planned to use the Rocky Mountain trail to traverse the dangerous mountain range and reach California, but partyway through the Rockies they ran into a small problem: Silas’s wife was giving birth. Near-starvation and unable to walk any further, the two gave up their dream of becoming rich farmers and settled in an abandoned house lying on the trail.
Their dilapidated cabin would eventually come to house a miserable family of five: Silas, his wife, their son and daughter, and the family dog. The house itself stood alone in a clearing of dead grass and scraggly pine trees, with an air of despair and abandonment that juxtaposed the interminable shouting from within. Its five residents couldn't really be called a family. Silas and his wife had such intense hatred for each other that they lived in their own halves of the house, rarely interacting except to hurl insults at each other or steal some small trinket from the others’ half. The two children spent the entire day outdoors to avoid their parents; however, their total exhaustion due to being near-starvation, combined with the desolate landscape surrounding the cabin meant they had neither the energy nor means to do anything except stare forlornly at passersby. The dog was the subject of beatings from Silas, who took his anger out on the poor creature. It absolutely dreaded human contact and spent most of the day scouring the woods for small animals and insects to eat.
One day that Silas had gone out to scrounge for food, he decided to explore a forest that he’d never explored before, which stood on the opposite side of the trail from his home, overlooking the sad clearing that contained his pitiful dwelling. Like most decisions Silas had made in his life, exploring the forest was an ill judgement, for he quickly found himself lost. The forest was thickly grown with dark, gloomy pines that stood as black spectres under the pale sun and blanched sky. The ground, primarily composed of dull grey rocks, was covered with dangerous pits and rotting logs which housed hardy black bugs and venomous snakes. Small, dark dens carved into the infertile ground housed vicious rodents ready to attack any moving thing that passed by.
A sharp, cold wind blew through the forest, the dense pines providing surprisingly little shelter against the angry zephyr. Silas had long been clawing his way through the somber forest, scrambling his way over large boulders and jumping from stone to stone in an attempt to find stable footing. He stopped intermittently to rest, taking refuge from the biting wind by crouching behind one of the many large boulders, and occasionally a tree with a trunk thick enough to block the wind. It was late evening by the time Silas realized he was lost. The sunset had turned the sky a deep fiery scarlet, casting the forest in a hellish gleam that transformed the rustling of the wind into the screams of the damned and turned the dark pines into the shadows of massive demons conspiring to torture Silas.
Though Silas had moved to the rocky wilderness decades after most miners had abandoned the camps in search of better prospects, he had still heard rumors about sinister spirits haunting the trail at night. Silas, however, was not someone to be troubled by tales of evil demons and vengeful ghosts; he was, as he viewed it, living with the meanest monster of all in his own home. Lying down on a soft section of ground surrounded by a number of wind-breaking boulders, Silas soon found himself lulled to rest amidst the treacherous hellscape of the Colorado wilderness.
He awoke to darkness a few hours later. It was past midnight, yet there was no moon in the sky. The night was illuminated by a few dim and lonely stars in the sky, like faint candles a single gentle breeze away from a silent death.
Silas, groggy and slightly alarmed, raised himself slowly. He heard the faint whispers of voices, barely louder than the rustling of the leaves, but approaching at a rapid pace. His heartbeat quickened; no sane person ever ventured into the wilderness at night, and despite his typically irreverent nature in the face of danger, Silas felt that something was very wrong.
Yet Silas was also intrigued, and perhaps desperate for something interesting to happen. Despite the constant fighting between him and his wife, he led a boring life filled with sleeping and scrounging for food, and as a result he was desperate for change. Hoping to catch a glimpse of the source of the voices, he crept in the direction of the whispers.
As he approached, Silas realized he wasn’t hearing the whispers of people conversing, but people singing in near-silent undertones. He even recognized the songs as church hymns, the type of universal gospel music he’d heard attending church each Sunday in his youth. However, the ethereal singing was melancholy in its tone, and Silas imagined that the despairing chorus was choking back tears.
Silas realized he was nearing the trail. Casting one final furtive glance behind himself, he hid behind a particularly massive tree bordering the trail, and, his heart racing, took a deep breath and stepped out onto the trail.
Nothing. The singing had ceased.
Silas stood deadly still for a moment, then breathed a deep sigh of relief and straightened his posture, feeling his fear vanish. He brushed the dirt off his stained clothes with an air of embarrassment at having gotten worked up about nothing.
Turning around, Silas came face-to-face with a dark, hooded figure. Silas jumped back in surprise. The figure was camouflaged well in the moonless night; his cloak, tattered at the ends, was as black as the midnight sky, almost seeming to dissolve at the edges into the frigid night air.
“What are you doing on my trail?” said the mysterious silhouette, with a hoarse, gravelly voice that conveyed a patronizing air of disdain at Silas’s presence.
Silas’s fear was replaced by anger at the man’s condescending tone. “Your trail!” he snarled, “this trail belongs to no man; it belongs to the glorious state of Colorado.”
The stranger just shook his head. “I’ve wandered this trail long before Colorado existed, long before any of your kind were even on this continent,” said the stranger, “You’re certainly correct it belongs to no man.”
The figure spread its arms, and Silas felt the air around him grow noticeably colder. He heard the mysterious singing resume behind him, and turning around, he was met with a strange sight. A seemingly endless army of transparent white figures spread out in front of him, gaunt faces atop bodies clothed in white robes. The figures faintly glowed and seemed to flicker like the shadows cast by candles, transforming from human-shaped figures to amorphous misty blobs and back to human again. Silas was unnerved by their eyes, vacant grey bulbs brimming with silver tears that seemed to reflect the moonlight, and was particularly intrigued by one man’s old, leathery face that seemed to tug at a memory in the back of Silas’s mind. Their mouths moved imperceptibly, whispering the words of an old gospel hymn Silas recalled from his youth.
Silas turned back around to confront the cloaked stranger, and instead was met with a sight more horrible than the spectres behind him. A single-file line of people in chains went off into the horizon, disappearing around a distant mountain bend. Each person had a chain around their neck, connecting them to their neighbor in front and behind. The people nearest Silas were deathly pale, their skin the hue of a newly-deceased corpse in the morgue, with body shapes that varied from grossly bloated to emaciated from starvation. The people further away from Silas looked more and more like rotting corpses with their skin, black from necrosis, sloughing off their bodies, and milky white eyes that seemed to hungrily gaze at Silas. As if in response to Silas noticing them, the figures began moaning and screaming, and many tried rushing towards Silas only for the chains to pull them back with a loud rattle.
Silas wanted to run, but he was paralyzed by fear. He shut his eyes tight for a moment, desperately hoping he was dreaming, and upon reopening them the translucent figures and rotting corpses had disappeared. Instead, he noticed that the cloaked stranger was now beside him, seeming to reappear out of the dark air.
“Who are you?” said Silas, in shock.
“I go by various names, many of them lost to time,” responded the hooded figure in that same low, gravelly tone, “But that does not matter now. What matters is who are you, Silas Watkins?”
“I don’t know what you mean,” said Silas, “it seems that you’ve answered that question for yourself.” Silas grinned, but his mind was racing trying to explain what he had just seen.
The cloaked stranger ignored Silas’s response. “I’ll tell you who you are,” said the stranger, “you are no one, Silas Watkins. You have spent 28 years on this earth, yet you have done nothing of value, wasting your life away in senseless disputes. You shall die in five years, and in five more years you will have been forgotten by everyone bar your family.”
At such insults Silas normally would’ve become enraged, but having seen the mysterious stranger’s display of power, he knew that his disparager was speaking the truth. A cold, empty feeling settled over Silas. “Is there anything I can do about my fate?” he asked.
It is said that the dark figure proposed a trade with Silas, one that would extend Silas’s life significantly, yet also one which most men prior had refused. Silas never offered to the public the specific details of the trade, though the conditions can be surmised. At the very least, they must have been harsh, for Silas required time to think on them despite being so eager to change his grim fate. After their lengthy conversation, the cloaked figure continued walking along the trail, disappearing into the night.
Silas returned home, having located the trail that could take him to his property. Deeply shaken by the supernatural encounter, Silas stayed up the rest of the night pondering the deal he had been proposed.
The next morning Silas’s wife told him of the deaths of two pillars of the community the night prior. William Stoutpig, an obscenely rich Denver banker infamous for his debauchery with whores and hedonistic indulgence of overeating, and the Reverend Snow, a righteous elderly man renowned for his exemplary charity and kindness. Stoutpig had been wandering the street after a night of overindulgence and had shot the Reverend Snow in a drunken stupor, before himself being trampled by a runaway horse.
Silas’s wife went on a spiel about how it was a tragedy that God had taken two great men instead of Silas, though Silas ignored her. Instead, he peered at the pictures of the two men in the newspaper, making a sudden connection between their faces and two people from his supernatural encounter last night.
Snow was the leathery-faced old man that had stood out to Silas in the army of translucent spectres. Silas now recalled that the man had come to his house once many years ago, offering him and his family clothing and food in the name of God’s charity. Silas, angered by the man’s kindness, had threatened to shoot the Reverend if he didn’t leave the property, yelling at him that charity was the work of the Devil and a true American like Silas would never need it.
Stoutpig was one of the rotting men that trailed the cloaked stranger in chains. Silas now realized that the banker was one of the corpses he’d mistaken as bloated, when it had just been the man’s extreme corpulence. Presented with evidence, Silas was convinced that the events of last night were no trick of the mind.
Though Silas was not one to confide information to his wife, the supernatural encounter weighed on his mind and he felt a pressing need to relieve his burden. He told her about the cloaked stranger, mysterious spectres, and even the deal he’d been offered to prolong his life, though he was careful to omit the conditions of the deal, feeling that they were too gruesome to speak aloud.
She just laughed in his face, telling him he was a crazy buffoon and had dreamed up the whole encounter while lying drunk in the wilderness.
However, that same night Silas heard his wife leave the house. He waited for her to return the entire night, but in vain. The next morning, Silas found her clothes on the porch of his house, neatly wrapped around her wedding ring, and to his great surprise, a human heart. Silas claimed that he disposed of the heart by burying it, though it is suspected that, in his great hunger, he might’ve boiled the heart and eaten it as nourishment.
The heart was the only remnant ever found of Silas’s wife The most likely occurrence was that she had, like Silas, stumbled upon the cloaked stranger and his haunted procession on the dirt trail. She had likely rejected the stranger’s proposed trade immediately, finding the conditions too grotesque, and like so many miners before her, her soul had been taken for refusing the dreadful deal.
Silas felt his spirits grow considerably lighter that day, feeling kindness towards the cloaked stranger for ridding him of the burden of his wife. Still, he couldn’t feel completely joyous; the proposed trade weighed on his mind. Despite living for years in poverty and ruin, or maybe because of it, Silas had never given up his desire to achieve the American Dream; aspirations of wealth and greatness still consumed him. Silas was an egotistical and vain man, yet even he knew that five years was not enough time for him to turn his life around. No, he needed more time. Silas knew he only had one option.
The next evening Silas left the house and set out to find the cloaked stranger on the dirt trail. He paced up and down the decrepit trails for hours in the dark and chilly night, listening intently for the quiet singing of the translucent specteres, yet he neither saw nor heard anything. The only sounds were the rustling of leaves blown by the bitter mountain wind and the snapping of twigs under the feet of vicious rodents. Silas was ready to give up his search and chalk up the encounter and deaths as illusions and coincidences. However, in the darkest hours of the night just before dawn, Silas finally heard the eerie whispers that heralded the arrival of the supernatural.
Silas refused to tell anyone what happened after this point. Whenever asked about it, he always claimed the deal with the cloaked stranger was a deeply personal and tragic matter, and would often burst into fake tears and begin obnoxiously sobbing to ward off any further questions. When that failed, he would intimidate the interrogator with threats of a slit throat at night if they didn’t stop asking questions.
Despite this, there are some suspicious occurrences that Silas couldn’t cover up with fake tears and death threats. For example, the next morning his son, daughter, and dog had all disappeared, as had a scythe that Silas had kept in a shed out back in case he ever found the will to farm, and a shovel that Silas had used to search for underground insects to eat in times of intense starvation. In their place, the lonely clearing contained three new patches of dirt. None of the patches contained bones when excavated, but one did contain the scythe covered in blood, and a few miles from the house, the shovel was found abandoned in the woods.
The following day, Silas packed up his meager belongings, abandoned the cabin, and hiked his way eastward to Denver. Silas spent the next few years living homeless in poverty. Despite the hardships of intense starvation and freezing winters, he remained in great health, never even catching a minor cold. After a few years of unemployment, Silas found his calling as a rodeo clown. The job paid decently because it was so risky, yet Silas came out of every encounter with the bull unscathed. He even began performing as a stuntman on the side, raking in quite a lot of cash and winning himself a small following of fans.
By the turn of the century Silas had become comfortably rich, moving back to the east coast and purchasing a shoe-making factory on the verge of bankruptcy and reinvigorating the factory through the use of child labor. He was nearing fifty years of age at this point, yet he didn’t look a day over thirty. During the first World War, he purchased an extreme number of Liberty bonds and rampantly speculated in the housing market, so that by the war’s end he was quite an affluent man, with money in the tens of millions.
Silas became a banker, hoping that the lucrative profession would help him rake in even more cash. He was called a “friend of the poor,” willing to loan money to anyone who entered his bank’s doors. Of course, he immediately sold these risky loans to speculators. He told them, with a forced grin on his face and fingers crossed behind his back, that the loans were risk-free and would reliably be repaid. In this way, Silas ruined the life of many poverty-stricken families, who were forced to default on their mortgages and left homeless, and quite a few speculators too, who were forced to file for bankruptcy after wasting all their money purchasing the worthless mortgages.
Still, things couldn’t remain good for Silas forever. Around the time Franklin D. Roosevelt became governor of New York, Silas had begun aging rapidly, his young looks rapidly fading as he began to resemble the elderly, decrepit figure his age implied. Dementia seemed to overtake Silas’s mind, or at least that’s how it appeared to most people. He often mumbled to himself about a cloaked stranger and horrible deal, and at night he would barricade himself in his room with the lights left on.
Eventually, his mind degenerated so much that he began imagining he was being haunted by his long-deceased children, whom he claimed were sent by the cloaked stranger to force him back to the Rocky Mountains. At first, Silas adamantly refused going, but after a week of sleepless nights, he broke and decided to return to his old home.
Upon arriving in Denver, Silas hiked out to the trail, now a barely visible dirt path that had been consumed by the Colorado wilderness. He paced up and down the trail, anxiously awaiting the arrival of the cloaked stranger. A cool autumn wind chilled his old and frail body. Thankfully for Silas, he did not have to wait long for the arrival of the haunted procession, for he heard the mysterious whispers begin soon after midnight.
“I’ve lived a good life, and it’s time for me to die,” Silas reassured himself as the ethereal singing approached. Yet Silas only grew more and more doubtful. Had he lived a fulfilling life? Sure, he was richer now than he’d ever could’ve hoped, yet when he died all that money would just go to some distant cousin he’d never met. He had no close friends or family that could inherit his wealth or carry on his memory; his only legacy would be the numerous poverty-stricken families and speculators whose lives he’d ruined. The thought of William Stoutpig entered his mind, the rich banker who’d ended up a savage corpse chained up in the cloaked stranger’s procession. Silas realized that would be his fate.
Just as Silas was preparing to run, the cloaked stranger appeared around a mountain bend and the singing ceased.
“Your time has come, Silas Watkins,” announced the dark figure in that same low, gravelly voice.
Silas wasn’t even listening. He bolted into the wilderness, his old and aching body resenting the sudden burst of exercise. “I’m not ready to die,” he kept mumbling to himself, a mantra that gave his sore body the small push to keep on running.
Silas heard the rattling of chains behind him. He peered behind himself and realized he was being pursued. The vicious, rotting corpses’ chains had been severed, and now they chased after him with hungry gleams in their eyes. The chains, now just dragging behind each of the corpses, caused a shrill clanking that combined with the corpses’ animalistic screeches to create a deafening cacophony. Had anyone been nearby they would’ve certainly heard, but Silas was alone in the Colorado wilderness.
Silas spotted a dark cave up ahead. He knew that entering the cave would leave him cornered, but the corpses were gaining on him and his elderly body couldn’t outrun them in the open forest. Perhaps he could hide from the savage beasts in the cave.
Silas ran into the cave at full speed. The floor sloped downward upon entrance, and Silas nearly tripped, but steadied himself and kept on venturing inward. He tried to lose his pursuers by taking branching paths that went deeper and deeper into the earth, but the lumbering footsteps continued behind him. Eventually, Silas reached a narrow but straight corridor, and he sprinted ahead.
After a few seconds of running, Silas’s head struck a low-hanging rock, and he fell onto his back. He experienced an intense pain in his forehead, but it soon faded and he was left alone, blinded by the darkness. The trampling of the pursuing corpses’ footsteps had stopped, and the cave was near-silent. The stale air was cold enough that Silas couldn’t stop shivering.
An all-too-familiar voice pierced the silent cave. “Your time has come, Silas Watkins. Escape is impossible,” said the gravelly voice.
Silas scrambled further into the cave, away from the booming voice. Suddenly, the floor gave out from under him, and he felt himself falling deeper into the earth feet-first. His arms and shoulders were scraped badly by the rocky sides of the narrow hole, and after twenty feet of falling he struck the ground suddenly, a crunch signifying the shattering bones. Silas screamed in pain, but was prevented from crumbling to the floor by the too-narrow walls.
The cloaked stranger looked down into the hole. “You know the deal Silas. This was always how it was going to end. Death is inevitable,” the stranger said in a somber tone.
Silas, sobbing from the pain of having his legs shattered, peered up at the grim figure. “Oh God, please, I- I don’t want to die. P- please don’t kill me, I don’t d- deserve this” he pleaded, his sobbing hiccups interrupting his frail voice.
“Prideful man! You traded the lives of your kids to extend your own, and you’re still not satisfied?” scolded the dark presence. It paused for a moment, then resumed speaking in a sarcastic tone of voice, “Still, who am I to refuse you? If you desire to live, then immortality you shall have.”
Silas looked up at the cloaked stranger hopefully, but felt his blood run cold. Silas could barely see anything in the dark cave, much less the face hidden beneath the dark figure’s cloak. Yet he knew that the stranger had a smile on its face, and not a kind one. It was a smile filled with pain and death.
“Goodbye Silas Watkins. Eternity is yours to do as you will.”
The dark presence disappeared from the cave, and Silas was left alone, in excruciating pain, trapped at the bottom of the narrow cavern hole.
Such is the end of Silas Watkins. The following day, his bank and shoe-making factory went bankrupt, and his house mysteriously went up in flames. His ill-gotten fortune disappeared too, seemingly without a trace, though a few poverty-stricken families and speculators down on their luck did end up finding their bank accounts a few thousand dollars richer. Some say that Silas Watkins’s screams can be heard reverberating through the Rocky Mountains at night. This is, of course, nonsense What is true, however, is that the cloaked stranger continues to wander the trail to this day, now accompanied by two ghostly children and a dog who chase greedy men into one of the mountain range’s dark caves, then leave them to die alone, lost in the dark and winding tunnels.

An NBA franchise for each state

Being from Kentucky, I’m often disappointed that I don’t get to have a true claim to a team. Why has Florida done to earn two NBA teams? I’m here to fix that problem. Every state gets one NBA team. That’s it. Stop being so greedy California.
A couple guidelines I followed trying to do this:

No negative names! No state deserves to be remembered for something bad. Everybody deserves a cool and interesting name, even if the state is not cool or interesting. (e.g. Kentucky)
Alliterations are admirable. I irrefutably intend to identify items with intimidating epithets. Alliterative names are preferable, but not a must have.
Creativity is key. I’m going to avoid giving teams names that a college team, NFL team, MLB team, etc. in the same state shares. I might break this rule, but I’m sure there will be good reason for it.
If there are multiple NBA teams in a state, I’m just going to do it by whichever team had the best record last year. That way I don’t have to decide which one has the best history or most prestige.
If it’s a city name, I’m changing it to the name of the state. That includes Golden State becoming California.

THE LIST:
The Alabama Airmen- Tuskegee has an interesting civil rights records. Sure, the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment happened there, but the Tuskegee Airmen (the first squadron of African American Pilots) were educated at Tuskegee University! I’m sure Alabama needs all the help they can get looking progressive considering their… current circumstances.
The Alaska Tankers- Yeah this one’s not great. Then again we did buy Alaska almost exclusively for its oil, and I’m not going to go against the Federal Government on this matter. Yes, I know it’s a beautiful state full of incredible wildlife, but Grizzlies is taken. Consider this terrible name penance for Sarah Palin. Alternative name: Inuit. I’m not really sure if this name is still PC, and I don’t want to end up with a Redskins situation.
The Arizona Suns- Cold nachos cheese and flat soda 4ever!
The Arkansas Archers- According to 50states.com, Pine Bluff, Arkansas is the world center of archery bow production. I can’t really confirm this with hard data, but this is an nba offseason shitpost. I’m not going to list my sources like some psychopath. Alternative name: Vapors. Arkansas is home to many famous hot springs, emitting vapors. I didn’t go with this for two reasons. The first is to avoid accidentally promoting vaping. The second is that an archer kind of makes sense in a basketball sense. What the hell is vapor going to do with a basketball? Blow it around?
The California Warriors- No more Laker news! Woj rejoices!
The Colorado Nuggets- This pisses me off because I know South Dakota is down there waiting for me.
The Connecticut Coppers- Connecticut is home to a famous (or infamous) copper mine in Simsbury, that was also used as a prison in the Revolutionary War. Fun! Also, the first coinage of copper also took place in Connecticut. Now I know what you might be thinking. That doesn’t make sense! Copper is dumb and lame and has nothing to do with basketball! Hey, if Denver can have the Nuggets, I don’t think anything is stopping me from using copper. Alternative name: Double-ewes. Connecticut is also the home to the most southern sounding but least southern president, George W. Bush! You could put two sheep on the logo! However, I don’t want to get political, so Georgie W is going to have to take a backseat on this one
The Delaware Patriots- Screw you Massachusetts! Delaware was the first state to ratify the Constitution, and they did so unanimously! They’re America’s real patriots! U-S-A! U-S-A!
The Florida Magic- A dystopian nightmare where Disney consumes the Heat and looks to expand their franchise name dominance.
The Georgia Hawks- Yup.
The Hawaii Humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa’s- I’m feeling inspired by Shai Gilgeous-Alexander’s frowny jersey from last year. I want to see how the NBA would handle trying to put the state fish of Hawaii on their jerseys. Plus, then we’d get to see Marv Albert try to say this name countless times per game.
The Idaho Explorers- Sure, a weakling would have gone with the spuds or potatoes, but I’m no weakling. Idaho was an integral part of Lewis and Clark’s exploration of the Northwest, where they did such incredible acts such as walking and stuff. I’m also going to count this as an alliteration even if the first letter isn’t the same. Sue me.
The Illinois Bulls- Doesn’t quite have the same punch as Chicago I guess.
The Indiana Pacers- Yup.
The Iowa Gothics- This one was a hard state to do. Iowa was the home to Grant Wood’s American Gothic, and that’s a theme a good marketing team could run with. Alternative title: Yogis. Apparently, Iowa is a hub for transcendental meditation. That’s a lame name though.
The Kansas Insanos- What the hell am I supposed to do for Kansas? I’m trying my best to avoid a lame Wizard of Oz reference. The tallest waterslide in the world, the Verrückt, is in Kansas. This is the German word for insane. Insanos. This sounds like a name for a team in Backyard Football or something, but if Kansas didn’t want a name this lame they could make their state 2% more interesting. Alternative name- Interstaters. Dwight D Eisenhower, most famous for the Federal Aid Highway Act, was born in Kentucky. This is also a bad name. I literally flipped a coin to decide which one would end up being the one I went with.
The Kentucky Colonels- As I Kentucky boy, it pains me that this was almost a reality. If only those ABA owners weren’t idiots. I feel like it’s my duty to right this wrong and bring order to the Union.
The Louisiana Pelicans- Yup.
The Maine Mooses- The moose is the state animal of Maine. I know this isn’t creative, but it’s at least a bit more creative than a lobster. Plus, it’s an alliteration, and that adds twenty points to the final score.
The Maryland Midshipmen- Annapolis is home to one of the largest naval schools in the United States, and Midshipman is a naval rank. I almost went with mariners before realizing Seattle exists. Alternative Name- Bullets. I really did want to bring back this classic name stolen from Maryland, but Bullets aren’t quite the most positive aspect of a state. I understand the reason the name was done away with in the first place.
The Massachusetts Celtics- Hey Boston, what’s the reason behind this name? You guys aren’t Irish.
The Michigan Pistons- Pistons definitely does not describe Michigan as well as it describes Michigan.
The Minnesota Timberwolves- yup.
The Mississippi River-men- Mississippi River. Also, there seems to be a serial killer that went by the name Riverman, or at least there was a true crime book called Riverman about the serial killer, so that’s cool. Alternative Name- Muppets. Jim Henson, famous puppeteer was born and educated in Mississippi. Muppets are also felt puppets, so maybe that isn’t the most intimidating name.
The Missouri Spirits- Another ABA team lost to the sands of incompetent management. I’m a man of justice.
The Montana Cowboys- Montana has a lot of cowboys.
The Nebraska 911- The 911 emergency system used nationwide was first implemented in Nebraska. I have a soft spot for this name, because it feels like you could do a lot of cool stylings with it. It also brings action to a state that isn’t known for being filled with action.
The Nevada Aces- Las Vegas, gambling, all that stuff. Aces also are the best at things usually, such as being a pilot or pitching. It also gives it a more positive spin to a place called “Sin City”.
The New Hampshire Hurricanes- Here’s the thing. Sure, New Hampshire doesn’t have hurricanes. However, the second highest wind speed ever recorded was on Mt. Washington in New Hampshire. The speed is three times faster than that of most hurricanes.
The New Jersey Bosses- This is a twofer, due to Bruce Springsteen hailing from the Garden State, as well as some very legitimate businesses you should stop asking about.
The New Mexico Cliffhangers- This is a stretch. Pueblo Native Americans were famous for building dwellings in cliffs. Even though the most famous landmark for this is in Colorado, I don’t think this is necessarily a problem, considering Illinois still has the gall to call themselves the Land of Lincoln. Cliffhanger also sounds cooler than cliff-dweller, so what the hell.
The New York Nets- Very nice switch.
The North Carolina Hornets- Yup.
The North Dakota Hitmen- Calling the thugs from Fargo hitmen is an incredible stretch, but the North Dakota Car Salesmen doesn’t roll off the tongue as well.
The Ohio Cavaliers- I really hate that sometimes alliterations get lost in the sauce.
The Oklahoma Outlaws- Oklahoma, the epicenter of cowboys, bandits and the wild west in general. I get that some people might think that outlaws are negative, but that’s because you’re huge nerds. Also, outlaws is a generic name, because Oklahoma is a pretty generic state . The Oregon Trailblazers- Yup.
The Pennsylvania 76ers- Don’t like this switch that much. The 76ers feel very much like a Philly specific name, as opposed to Harrisburg or Pittsburgh.
The Rhode Island Exiles- Way back when colonial America was still a thing, Roger Williams was expelled from Massachusetts for advocating for such evil ideas like abolition and the separation of church and state.The dude straight up just said screw it and made his own colony. What a legend.
The South Carolina Nullifiers- South Carolina got themselves into some trouble with Andrew Jackson by attempting to nullify federally imposed tariffs. I like this name because I can imagine some local radio commentator going “HE NULLIFIED THAT SHOT” even though it doesn’t make a ton of sense.
The South Dakota Monuments- When you think South Dakota, you think monuments. Mt. Rushmore. Crazy Horse. Other things. Those are monuments. Monuments are powerful. This is an okay name for an okay state.
The Tennessee Grizzlies- Yup.
The Texas Rockets- Cuban is beside himself. Driving around Kentucky, begging (thru texts) u/lancememenson’s family for address to his home.
The Utah Jazz- Yup.
The Vermont Mountaineers- The Green Mountain Boys is an awesome name for a militia, but it’s a bit too many words to have as a name. I’m going to shorten it down and just leave it at the Mountaineers. Plus, it sounds outdoorsy, and Vermont is definitely an outdoorsy state.
The Virginia Wizards- Technicalities be damned! I associate Washington D.C. more with Virginia than Maryland! I can do whatever I want! This is my list, Mr. Anderson, my list!
The Washington Supersonics- I got you guys.
The West Virginia Heaters- I figured I might throw in a niche one near the end. In 1960, Danny Heater, a West Virginia high school student, set the record for most points in a basketball game with 135. This has never been beaten worldwide. Danny, this one’s for you.
The Wisconsin Bucks- This is a bit of a misnomer. Both Iowa and Kentucky have more deer than deer per square mile than Wisconsin.
The Wyoming Women’s Rights Activists- I’m tired and this post has taken many hours to write. Wyoming was the first state to grant women the right to vote. Make it four horizontal lines with each word on a separate line. Have Susan B Anthony be your mascot. Be different, Wyoming! Break the status quo like you’ve done in the past!
Conclusion: It’s hard to name franchises.
Edit: I’m a shitposting novice. This is not a modern masterpiece. Also I just chose the team that had the best winning percentage last year for each state with multiple teams.

NEW - Updated List of Some of the Most Well Known and Some of the Less Well Known ME's for all time through 2018

The Challenger Explosion was 1984/Is Now- 1986 (historical change)
Before- Berenstein/Is Now- Berenstain (Book title spelling change)
Before- “Mirror, Mirror on the wall…”/Is Now- “Magic Mirror on the Wall…” (movie dialogue change)
Before- “Luke, I am your father”/Is Now- “No, I am your father” (movie dialogue change)
Before- “If you build it, they will come”/Is Now- “If you build it, he will come” (movie dialogue change)
Before- Smokey the BeaIs Now- Smokey Bear (Fictional character name change)
Before- “It’s a beautiful day in the neighborhood”/Is Now- “It’s a beautiful day in this neighborhood” (Lyrical change)
Before- “The lion shall lay down with the lamb”/Is Now- “The wolf shall lay down with the lamb” (Bible scripture change)
Before- dilemna/Is Now- dilemma (spelling change)
Before- “You say tomato”/Is Now- “You like tomato” (Lyrical change)
Before- Looney Toons/Is Now- Looney Tunes (TV show title change)
Before- VW logo was solid/Is Now- separated (Logo change)
Before- Fruit Loops/Is Now- Froot Loops (Product spelling change)
Before- Jiffy/Is Now- -JIF (Product disappearance)
Before- “Beam me up Scotty”/Is Now- -never existed (TV/Movie dialogue disappearance)
Before- “Hello Clarice”/Is Now- -never existed (Movie dialogue disappearance) *Note-I’ve seen dialogue saying “Good afternoon, Clarice” and “Good morning, Clarice.” I will need to re-watch the movie thoroughly, as I’ve now also seen reports of Dr. Lector simple saying “Morning.” So, I guess I’ll find out what it is as of right now.
Before- Oscar MeyeIs Now- Oscar Mayer (Product spelling change)
Before- Gordon’s/Is Now- Gorton’s (Product spelling change)
Before- Cheez It’s/Is Now- Cheez It (Product spelling change)
Before- Van De Camp’s/Is Now- VanCamp (Product name change) *Note-questionable due to Van de Kamps frozen fish
Before- Mike’N’Ike/Is Now- Mike and Ike (Product name change)
Before- “Taste the sensation”/Is Now- “Get the sensation” (Product slogan change)
Before- Brussel Sprouts/Is Now- Brussel’s Sprouts (Food name change)
Before- Tumeric/Is Now- Turmeric (Food spelling change)
Before- Payless Shoe Store/Is Now- Payless Shoe Source (Store name change)
Before- OxyClean/Is Now- OxiClean (Product spelling change)
Before- Depends/Is Now- Depend (Product spelling change)
Before- O’reilly’s/Is Now- O’reilly (Store name change)
Before- Victoria Secret/Is Now- Victoria’s Secret (Store name change)
Before- Proctor & Gamble/Changed to Proctor Gamble/Then Became- Proctor & Gamble/Is Now- Procter & Gamble (Company name flip)
Before- Noxema/Is Now- Noxzema (Product spelling change)
Before- Jane Goodall worked with gorillas/Is Now- Jane Goodall worked with chimpanzees (Historical change)
Before- Madonna was born as Maria Louise Ciccone/Is Now- Madonna was born as Madonna Louise Ciccone (Celebrity name change)
Before- Ed McMahon was the spokesperson for Publisher’s Clearing House/Is Now- Ed McMahon was the spokesperson for American Family Publishers (Historical change)
Before- Jerry Lewis died 2015 (approx.)/Is Now- Jerry Lewis died August 2017 (Celebrity death change)
Before- Times Square/Changed to- Time Square/Is Now- Times Square (Famous place name flip)
Before- the JFK assassination car had 4 doors/Is Now- the JFK car had 6 doors (Historical change)
Before- the Smithsonian Institute/Is Now- the Smithsonian Institution (Famous place name change)
Before- the Monopoly man had a monocle/Is Now- the Monopoly man has no monocle (Fictional character change)
Before- Converse shoe emblem on outside of ankle/Is Now- Converse shoe emblem on inside of ankle (Logo placement change)
Before- only the Energizer Bunny existed/Is Now- the Duracell Bunny exists also (Character that never existed, now does)
Before- Energizer Bunny battery on back/Is Now- Energizer Bunny battery on side (Fictional character change)
Before- John DeeIs Now- John Deere (Company spelling change)
Before- Roman numeral IV/Is Now- becoming Roman numeral IIII (Writing change) *Note-I have noticed plenty of examples of this changing, but I also still see the old “IV” in many places. This one still may be up for debate.
Before- Curious George had a tail/Is Now- Curious George never had a tail
Before- the Last Supper, Jesus had a chalice/Is Now- the Last Supper, several small, clear cups placed all along the table (Historical art change)
Before- the Thinker, tight fist was to chin/Changed to tight fist to forehead/Is Now- loose “fist” with knuckles pressed against chin and part of mouth (Historical art flip) (Got to see this one first hand at the British Museum where a replica is displayed…all changes appear to reflect in the museum replicas throughout the world as well.)
Before- the Vitruvian Man showed six arms at different positions/Is Now- the Vitruvian Man shows four arms at different positions (Historical art change)
Before- (Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo) God’s hand higher than Adam/Is Now- God’s hand level to, slightly lower than Adam’s hand (Historical art change) (Got to see this one first hand over the summer – their hands are even, God’s slightly lower – though the perspective is odd due to looking up so high at the ceiling of the chapel.)
Before- liquify/Is Now- liquefy, liquify gives me spelling errors, but is listed as alternative spelling (spelling change)
Before- alot/Is Now- a lot (spelling change, word disappearance)
Before- barbeque/Is Now- barbecue, barbeque becoming reckognized (spelling change)
Before- marshmellow/Is Now- marshmallow (spelling change)
Before- parmesean/Is Now- parmesan (spelling change)
Before- “Fly my pretties, fly!”/Is Now- “Fly, fly, fly!” (Movie dialogue change)
Before- Scarecrow unarmed/Is Now- Scarecrow was wielding a pistol (Movie change)
Before- C3PO all gold/Is Now- C3PO has a silver leg (Movie change, character change)
Before- a movie called Shazaam starring Sinbad as a genie/Is Now- -never existed (Movie disappearance)
Before- Ricky Ricardo said “Lucy, you got some splainin’ to do”/Is Now- -never existed (Movie dialogue disappearance)
Before- a famous line in Casablanca “Play it again, Sam!”/Is Now- -never existed (Movie dialogue disappearance)
Before- Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dumb wore hats with propellers on top/Is Now- Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dumb wore hats with flags on top (Movie character change)
Before- Carmen SanDiego wore a yellow coat/Is Now- Carmen SanDiego wore a red coat (character change)
Before- “It’s a hard knock life”/Is Now- “It’s the hard knock life” (Lyrical change)
Before- “Do you feel lucky? Well do you punk?”/Is Now- “Do I feel lucky? Well do you punk?” (Movie dialogue change)
Before- Timmy fell down a well and Lassie went for help/Is Now- -never happened (Movie/TV plot changes)
Before- The Rum Diaries/Is Now- The Rum Diary (Movie title change)
Before- You Got Mail/Changed to- Got Mail/Is Now- You’ve Got Mail (Movie title change)
Before- Mighty Mouse had an M on his chest/Is Now- Mighty Mouse has nothing on his chest (Character change)
Before- Tinkerbell wrote out "Disney" and dotted the "i"/Is Now- never happened (Historical/Commercial/Logo change)
Before- "Keep your eyes on the road, keep your hands upon the wheel"/Is Now- "Keep your eyes on the road, keep your hand upon the wheel" (Lyrical change)
Before- "You've been hit by, you've been struck by a smooth criminal"/Became- "You've been hit by, you've been hit by a smooth criminal"/ Is Now- “You’ve been hit by, you’ve been struck by a smooth criminal (May still be changing as of December 18, 2018) (Lyrical change)
Before- “The way you make me feel, you really turn me on”/Changed to- “The way you make me feel, you really turn me good”/Is Now- “The way you make me feel, you really turn me on” (May still be changing as of December 18, 2018 (Lyrical change)
Before- “How wonderful life is now that you're in the world”/Is Now- “How wonderful life is while you're in the world” (Lyrical change)
Before- “Sweet dreams are made of these”/Is Now- “Sweet dreams are made of this” (Lyrical change)
Before- Kidneys in the lower back/Is Now- Kidneys in the middle back protected by rib cage (Anatomical change)
Before- Eye sockets were open in the back/Is Now- Eye sockets are covered in the back with a small hole for nerves (Anatomical change)
Before- Face of skull only had holes for eyes, nose mouth/Is Now- Six more holes called foramina (Anatomical change)
Before- Heart was more toward the left side of the chest/Is Now- Heart is now in the center of the chest (Anatomical change)
Before- “God created the heavens and the earth”/Changed to- “God created the heaven and the earth”/Is Now- “God created the heavens and the earth” (Bible scripture change)
Before- “God's will be done on earth as it is in heaven”/Is Now-”God's will be done in earth as it is in heaven” (Bible scripture change)
Before- “There shall be a husband and wife in one bed, one shall be taken...”/Is Now- “There shall be two men in one bed, one shall be taken...” (Bible scripture change)
Before- “Neither do men put new wine into old wine skins”/Is Now- “Neither do men put new wine into old bottles” (Bible scripture change)
Before- There were not couches in the time of the bible being written/Is Now- “They brought forth the sick into the streets, and laid them on beds and couches” (Bible scripture change)
Before- There were not banks as we know them in the time of the bible being written/Is Now- “Wherefore then gavest not thou my money into the bank” (Bible scripture change)
Before- “And the gospel must be preached among all nations”/Is Now- “And the gospel must be published among all nations” (Bible scripture change)
Before- “Whereas thou hast searched all my possessions”/Is Now- “Whereas thou hast searched all my stuff”
Before- “...and could not for the crowd because he was little of stature”/Is Now- “...and could not for the press because he was little of stature” (Bible scripture change)
Before- The Statue of Liberty had never been attacked/Is Now- The Statue of Liberty, Jersey City is bombed by Germany in 1916 (Historical change)
Before- Earth was in the Sagittarius Arm, toward the outside of the Milky Way Galaxy/Is Now- Earth is on the Orion Arm, exactly in the middle (between the outside and center) of the Milky Way Galaxy (Galactic location change)
Before- The top of Minnesota was relatively flat all the way across/Is Now- The top of Minnesota has a finger-like protrusion into Canada (Geographical change)
Before- Thanksgiving was the third Thursday of NovembeIs Now- Thanksgiving is the fourth Thursday of November (Holiday change)
Before- Stanford, Conneticut/ Is Now- Stamford, Connecticut (Geographical spelling change)
Before- Cup'O'Noodles/Is Now- Cup Noodles (Product name change)
Before- No islands off of the coast of southern California/Is Now- Several inhabited islands off of the coast of southern California (Geographical change)
Before- Australia was the southern-most continent in the Southern Hemisphere (not counting Antarctica)/Is Now- Australia has moved north and New Zealand is on the continent Zealandia (or Oceania, frankly, it's become a little all over the place) and is now further south than Australia (which is also part of Oceania???) (Geographical change)
Before- Shirley Temple died long before the 2000s/Is Now- Shirley Temple died in 2014 (Celebrity death change)
Before- Will and Jada Pinkett Smith divorced after 10 years of marriage/ Is Now- Will and Jada Pinkett Smith are still happily married (Celebrity/Historical change)
Before- Haley's Comet/Is Now- Halley's Comet (Astrological name change)
Before- “Nobody does it like Sara Lee”/Is Now- “Nobody doesn't like Sara Lee” (Product slogan change)
Before- “You like me! You really like me”/Is Now- “You like me! Right now, you like me!” (Celebrity quote change)
Before- Captain Morgan's/Is Now- Captain Morgan (Product name change)
Before- Marshmellow/Is Now- Marshmallow (Spelling change)
Before- Lil' Ceasar's/Is Now- Little Caesar's (Company name spelling change)
Before- Narwhals were made up animal like a unicorn/Is Now- They exist (New animal)
Before- There were not rainbow trees/Is Now- Rainbow trees exist called Rainbow Eucalyptus (New plant)
Before- There were not rainbow flowers/Is Now- Rainbow flowers exist called Rainbow Chrysanthemums (New plant)
Before- There were not rainbow mountains/Is Now- Rainbow mountains exist in China, as well as a rainbow geyser in Nevada (New geography)
Before- Deer were herbivores with no need for nor did they have fangs/Is Now- Several species of “fanged-deer” now exist (New animal)
Before- Brawny paper towel man had facial hair and an ax/Is Now- No facial hair, no ax (Fictional character change)
Before- Grainy, low resolution photos during the 19th century/Is Now- High resolution, color photos during the 19th century (Historical changes)
Before- Lindbergh baby never found/Is Now- Lindbergh baby was found dead (Historical change)
Before- Hillary Clinton/Changed to- Hilary Clinton/Is Now- Hillary Clinton (Celebrity name spelling flip)
Before- “Houston, we have a problem”/Changed to- “Houston, we've had a problem”/Is Now- “Houston, we have a problem” (Movie dialogue flip)
Before- “If you build it, they will come”/Is Now- “If you build it, he will come” (Movie dialogue change – this one actually flipped from they to he, back to they, and now back to he again)
Before- Jesus never instructed anyone to commit violence/Is Now- “But those mine enemies, which would not that I should reign over them, bring them hither and slay them before me”- Luke 19:27 (Bible scripture change)
Before- The US was only attacked one time during WW2 at Pearl HarboIs Now- Oregon was attacked by the Japanese on June 21, 1942 (Historical change)
Before- This just didn't exist/Is Now- A field of giant Presidents' busts deteriorating in a field in Virginia (Historical change)
Before- Saturn was the only planet with rings/Is Now- Uranus, Neptune, and Jupiter all have rings (Astrological change)
Before- Jupiter was larger. Earth could fit into its “Great Red Spot”/Is Now- Jupiter is only 11 times the size of Earth (Astrological change)
Before- Earth was around 36,000 miles in circumference/Is now- 24,901 miles (Geographical change)
Before- Lakes were generally not pink/Is Now- There are a handful of pink lakes (Geographical change)
Before- Mickey Mouse had suspenders and no tail/Is Now- Mickey Mouse has no suspenders and a tail (Fictional character change)
Before- Turkey's capital was Istanbul/Is Now- Turkey's capital is Ankara (Geopolitical change)
Before- Australia's capital was Melbourne/Is Now- Australia's capital is Canberra (Geopolitical change)
Before- Brazil's capital was Rio De Janeiro/Is Now- Brazil's capital is Brazilia (Geopolitical change)
Before- Israel's capital was Tel Aviv/Is Now- Israel's capital is Jerusalem (Geopolitical change)
Before- King Tut's head piece had one snake only/King Tut's head piece has a turkey next to a snake (Historical change)
Before- Tardigrades did not exist/Is Now- Tardigrades exist (New animal)
Before- Bioluminescent fungus and coral did not exist/Is Now- Bioluminescent fungus and coral do exist (new plants)
Before-The Corvette and Ferrari were only made as 2 doors/Is Now- The Corvette and Ferrari have both always been available as 4 door station wagons (Product change)
Before- “Objects in mirror may be closer than they appear”/Is Now- “Objects in mirror are closer than they appear” (Standardized warning change)
Before- These elements were not in the periodic table/Is Now- Einsteinium, Californium, Krypton all exist (New elements)
Before- “What if I you everything you knew was a lie?” quote from Morpheus, The Matrix/Is Now- “What if I told you...” quote was ever said by Morpheus in the Matrix (Movie dialogue disappearance)
Before- Doritos was never spelled “Deritos”/Is Now- There is a bag of “Deritos” in the movie The Karate Kid (Product name discrepancy)
Before- Daniel's headband in The Karate Kid had a rising sun on the front/Is Now- Daniel's headband just has a bulbous starburst pattern on the front and the sun is missing (Movie change)
Before- Coelacanth was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Bermuda Petrel was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Chacoan Peccary was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Lord Howe Island stick insect was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Monito del Monte was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- La Palma giant lizard was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Takahe was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Cuban Solenodon was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- New Caledonian crested gecko was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- New Holland mouse was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Giant Palouse earthworm was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Large-billed Reed-Warbler was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Laotian Rock Rat was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- "I see a red door and I want to paint it black"/Is Now- "I see a red door and I want it painted black (Lyrical change)
Before- Eastern Quoll was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Nelson's Small-Eared Shrew was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Arakon Forest Turtle was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- La Gomera Giant Lizard was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Madagascar Serpent Eagle was extinct/Is Now- Alive (Lazarus animal)
Before- Great Wall of China was the only “Great Wall”/Is Now- The Great Wall of India (New Historical Landmark)
Before- “E.T. Phone home”/Is Now- “Home phone” (Movie dialogue change)
Before- Tidy Cats/Changed to- Tidy Cat/Is Now- Tidy Cats (Product name flip)
Before- Syd Barrett died after a long struggle with solitude and mental illness years ago/Syd Barrett died after a long struggle with solitude and mental illness, July 7, 2006 (Celebrity death change)
Before- South America was south of North America/Is Now- South America is 500-1000 miles further to the East...making it now Southeast of North America (Geographical change)
Before- Rice Krispies/Changed to- Rice Crispies/Is Now- Rice Krispies (Product spelling flip)
Before- Fats Domino died years ago/Is Now- Fats Domino is alive as of September 2017 (Died October 24, 2017) (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- Jerry Lee Lewis died/Is Now- Jerry Lee Lewis is alive as of December 18, 2018 (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- BB King died in the 2000s/Changed to- BB King is alive in August 2017/Is Now- Died May 14, 2015 (Lazarus celebrity flip)
Before- Doris Day died years ago/Is Now- Doris Day is alive as of December 18, 2018 Lazarus celebrity)
Before- Julie Andrews died years ago/Is Now- Julie Andrews is alive as of December 18, 2018 (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- Dick Van Dyke died in the 2000s/Is Now- Dick Van Dyke is alive as of December 18, 2018 (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- The Neverending Story had a character that appeared called “The Childlike Empress”/Is Now- The Neverending Story has an empress who is only brought up at the end of the movie (Movie change)
Before- “Take me out to the crowd”/Is Now- “Take me out with the crowd” (Lyrical change)
Before- “Tear down that wall”/Is Now- “Tear down this wall” (Presidential quote change)
Before- “Hello, is there anybody in there?”/Is Now- “Hello, is there anybody out there” (Lyrical change)
Before- Harry Houdini died during a stunt gone awry/ Is Now- Harry Houdini died from an issue with his appendix (Celebrity/Historical death change)
Before- “Who will save your soul”/Is Now- “Who will save your souls” (Lyrical change)
Before- Clockwork Orange/Is Now- A Clockwork Orange (Movie name change)
Before- Bats were nearly blind/Is Now- Bats have good to excellent eyesight (Animal change)
Before- Interview with a Vampire/Is Now- Interview with the Vampire (Movie name change)
Before- Kurt Cobain was famously pictured with a lush, fuzzy pink sweateIs Now- (closest find) Kurt Cobain is pictured with a fuzzy animal print jacket (Missing celebrity photos)
Before- Plural of beef was beef/Is Now- Plural of beef is beeves (Linguistic change
Before- Kit-Kat/Is Now- Kit Kat (Logo change)
Before- Shaggy had an Adam’s apple/Is Now- Shaggy never had an Adam’s apple. (Fictional character change)
Before- Ford logo had no pig-tail/is Now- Ford logo has a strange, curly, pig-tail (Logo change)
(Meant to mention much earlier) Before- Thinker Statue’s elbows on separate legs/Is Now- Thinker Statue’s elbows are awkwardly over-top the same leg. (Classical art change)
Before- Billy Graham died while George W. Bush was President/Is Now- Lived until February 21, 2018 (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- Capricorn was a goat/Is Now- Capricorn is a goat-fish (Zodiac change)
Before- Svalbard was small or non-existent/Is Now- At least as large as the UK and a great place to see polar bears. (Geographical change)
Before- Arctica was called the Arctic and was the land mass where the North Pole was located/Later Became – There was never an Arctic land mass/Is Now- Arctica was an ancient continent in the Neoarchean era. (Geographical change)
Before- Tony the Tiger’s nose was black/Is Now- Tony the Tiger’s nose is blue. (Fictional character change)
Before- Cedric the Entertainer died of a heart attack several years ago/Is Now- Cedric the Entertainer is alive as of December 18, 2018 (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- Dolly from Moonraker had braces/Is Now- Dolly from Moonraker never had braces. (Fictional character change/Movie change)
Before- There was a diet soda called Coke Zero made with Splenda/Is Now- Coca-Cola Zero and was always made with Aspartame (Product change)
Before- Easter Island heads only consisted of hatless heads/Is Now- Easter Island statues of heads, full bodies, and heads with hats. (Relic change)
Before- Scategories/Is Now- Scattergories (Product name change)
Before- Donald Duck had a red bowtie/Changed to- Donald Duck had a white sailor scarf/Is Now- Donald Duck has a red bowtie (Fictional character change)
Before- Tony Bennett died several years back/Is Now- Tony Bennet is alive and well as of December 18, 2018 (Lazarus celebrity)
Before – Scary Movie contained the line “I see white people”/Is Now – Never happened (Movie change)
Before- The Diary of Anne Frank/Is Now- The Diary of a Young Girl (Literary change)
Before- First car phone was in the 70s-80s/Is Now- First car phone was in 1910 (Technological change)
Before- Famous James Bond line was “The name is Bond, James Bond”/Is Now- “My name is Bond, James Bond” (Famous movie quote change)
Before- No feeding tube in the Exorcist/Is now- The possessed child has a feeding tube (Movie change)
Before- Niagra Falls/Is Now- Niagara Falls (Landmark name change)
Before- Uncle Sam’s hat was striped/Is Now- Uncle Sam’s hat is white (Fictional charactemascot change)
Before- Weird/Changed to- Wierd/Is Now- Weird (Spelling change)
Before- Tim Curry died a little while back/Is Now- Tim Curry is alive and well as of December 18, 2018. (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- The Statue of Liberty was on Ellis Island in New York City/Is now- The Statue of Liberty is on Liberty Island in New Jersey (Landmark location change)
Before- None of The Wizard of Oz characters carried weapons/Is Now- All of the yellow brick road protagonists (except Dorothy and Toto) carry weapons. (Movie change)
Before- No such thing as a Hammer Headed Bat/Is Now- We now have a Hammer Headed Bat (Mandanimals)
Before- There was only 1 manned moon landing/Is Now- There were 69 lunar missions, 6 manned landings, and 23 unmanned landings (Historical change)
Before- There were 2 presidents assassinated/Is Now- There were 4 presidents assassinated (Historical change)
Before- Moses didn’t have horns/Is Now- Moses has and always had horns (Biblical and classical art change)
Before- Jet engines were under jet wings/Is Now- Jet engines are far out in front of jet wings (Engineering/technological design change)
Before- During the 9/11 attacks, only 3 of the World Trade Center Buildings (1, 2, and 7) were destroyed/Is Now- All 7 were destroyed (Historical change)
Before- During the 9/11 attacks, less than 50 people were killed during the attack on the Pentagon/Changed to- Many people recall zero people dying in the Pentagon attack and remember that it was fully evacuated before the plane hit/Is Now- 125 people died in the Pentagon (not including those onboard the, very sadly, doomed flight) (Historical change)
Before- Nelson Mandela died in prison/Is Now- Nelson Mandela lived, and after leaving prison, went on to become the Prime Minister of South Africa and was key in ending apartheid - In this timeline, he died on December 5, 2013 (Historical change)
Before- Whitey Bulger died in prison/Is Now- died October 30, 2018 (Lazarus famous criminal/celebrity)
Before- Bob Barker died several years ago/Changed to- Bob Barker died this year (2018)/Is Now- Bob Barker is alive and well AGAIN as of December 18, 2018 (forgive me, just stumbled upon his second resurrection and I’m a bit floored by it) (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- Bob Newhart died years ago/Is Now- Bob Newhart is alive and well as of December 18, 2018 (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- Wilford Brimley died several years ago/Is Now- Wilford Brimley is alive and well as of December 18, 2018 (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- Angela Lansbury died a few years after Beauty and the Beast came out/Is Now- Angela Lansbury is alive and well as of December 18, 2018 (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- Sand (beach sand) was generally somewhere between white, black, or various shades of tan and or brown/Is Now- Sand is now found in the colors red, pink, orange, purple, green, brown, white, and black (Geological change)
Before- MD 20/20 was short for Mad Dog 20/20 – the brand name of a cheap red wine/Is Now- Was never branded as Mad Dog 20/20, was always just MD 20/20 (Brand name change)
Before- This just didn’t exist/Is Now- A large, UFO shaped, Buddhist temple exists in Bangkok, Thailand called “Wat Phra Dhammakaya” (Famous structures)
Before- Chapstick/Is Now- Chapstix (Brand name change)
Before- Sketchers/Is Now- Skechers (Brand name change)
Before- The Village People were made up of 5 people: a policeman, a chief, a cowboy, a biker, and a construction workeIs Now- The Village People were made up of 6 people: a policeman, a chief, a cowboy, a biker, and a construction worker, and a military man (Band change/New band members)
Before- “We’re gonna need a bigger boat”/Is Now- “You’re gonna need a bigger boat” (Movie dialogue change)
Before- Pikachu had a yellow tail with a black tip/Is Now- Pikachu has a yellow tail, no black tip, and brown shading near the base of the tail (Fictional character change)
Before- Robert England/Is Now- Robert Englund (This one is up for debate, possibly a flip-flop, and hotly contested, but I remember England personally) (Celebrity name change)
Before- This just didn’t exist/Is Now – A cold medicine that has existed since the 30s and is still available to purchase now called “666 Cold Preparation” (New products)
Before- Stan Lee died about a year or two ago/Is Now- Stan Lee died on November 12, 2018 (Lazarus celebrities)
Before- Chic-Fil-A/Is Now- Chick-Fil-A (Brand name change)
Before- Dr. Dolittle/Changed to- Dr. Doo Little/Is Now- Dr. Dolittle (Movie name flip-flop)
Before - "What would you do if I sang out of tune, would you stand up and walk out on me?" /Is Now- "What would you think if I sang out of tune, would you stand up and walk out on me?" (Lyrical change) -Thank you Traway84 :)
Before- Daylight Savings Time/Is Now- Daylight Saving Time (Ummm, Spelling change?)
Before- Chartreuse was a shade of red-maroon/Is Now- Chartreuse is yellow-green (Color change)
Before- There was a painting of Henry VIII holding a turkey leg/is Now- The painting has never shown Henry VIII holding a turkey leg (Classical art change)
Before- The Great Pyramid -the one in the middle – was the largest of the Pyramids of Giza and they were all lined up with the Orion constellation/Is Now – The Great Pyramid, in the center, is not the largest of the Pyramids of Giza and they are not lined up, nor have they ever aligned with, the Orion constellation (Historical landmark change)
Before – The Mona Lisa was not smiling/Is Now- The Mona Lisa has a smirk on her face (Classical art change)
Before- Nobody new who Mona Lisa, of the famous painting was…this was a longstanding mystery/Is Now- Her name was Lisa Gherardhini, wife of Francesco Del Giocondo who requested the commisioned work by Leonardo Da Vinci (Historical change)
Before- Sex in the City/Is Now- Sex and the City (TV show name change)
Before- Febreeze/Is Now- Febreze
Before- The Flinstones/Is Now- The Flintstones (This has flip-flopped for many who remember it originally being “The Flintstones” and it temporarily changing to “The Flinstones.” I remember it being, originally “The Flinstones”) (TV show name change)
Before- Charles Schultz/Is Now- Charles Schulz (Celebrity name change)
Before- Ghandi/Is Now- Gandhi (Celebrity name change)
Before- Volvo’s logo was a circle with “Volvo” written inside/Is Now- Volvo’s logo is the symbol of masculinity with “Volvo” written inside
Before- Tom Cruise wore a white, button up shirt, briefs, and dark sunglasses in the dance scene in “Risky Business”/Is Now- Tom Cruise wore a pink button up shirt, briefs, and no sun glasses (Movie change)
Before- the Tiananmen Square protester “Tank Boy” was run over by the tank/Is Now- The Tiananmen Square protester “Tank Boy” was never run over (Historical change)
Before- Hitler had brown eyes/Is Now- Hitler had blue eyes (Historical change – not gonna’ call that monster a celebrity)
Before- Franklin Delanor Roosevelt/Is Now- Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Celebrity/Historical name change)
Before- The hands of Lincoln at the Lincoln Memorial were both relaxed/Is Now- One of Lincoln’s hands at the Lincoln Memorial is now clenched in a fist (Historical landmark change)
Before– Military ships were never covered in strange, striped, camouflage/Is Now- Razzle Dazzle ships where covered in black and white, dizzying stripes in order to try to camouflage them at sea during WW1 (Historical change
Before- “Dearly beloved…We are gathered here to celebrate this thing called life”/Is Now- “Dearly beloved…We are gathered here to get through this thing called life (Lyrical change)
Before- Eli Whitney was a black man/Is Now- Eli Whitney was a white man (Historical change)
Before- Bruce Lee was shot on set by accident (or not) which was a strange coincidence that was later linked to his sons death in the making of the Crow/Is Now- He died of cerebral edema, possibly caused by a reaction to a painkiller (Celebrity death change)
Before- Lay-Z-Boy/Is Now- La-Z-Boy (Brand name change)
Before- “It puts the lotion on its skin”/Is Now- “It rubs the lotion on its skin” (Movie dialogue change)
Before- Fruit of the Loom’s logo contained a cornucopia/Is now- Fruit of the Loom’s logo never contained a cornucopia (Logo change)
Before- There was never a hanging Munchkin in The Wizard of Oz/Is Now- There is a hanging Munchkin in The Wizard of Oz (Movie change)
Before- DEA stood for “Drug Enforcement Agency/Is Now- DEA stands for “Drug Enforcement Administration” (Government agency name change)
Before- HIPPA stood for the “Health Information and Patient Privacy Act”/Is Now- HIPAA stands for the “Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act” (Law acronym change)
Before- Henry Winkler died years back/Is now- Henry Winkler is alive and well as of December 18, 2018 (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- “Elementary, My dear Watson” – Sherlock Holmes/Is Now- Was never said (Famous quote changes)
Before- Laughing Cow (Laughing Cow Cheese) had a golden nose ring/Is Now- Laughing Cow (Laughing Cow Cheese) never had a nose ring, but has always had ear tags (Logo change)
Before- Roy Orbison was blind/Is Now- Roy Orbison was never blind (Celebrity change)
Before- Target logo had 3 red rings/Is Now- Target logo has 2 red rings (Logo change)
Before- Judge Judy had a gavel/Is Now- Judge Judy’s never had a gavel (TV show change)
Before- Oxy Clean/Is Now- Oxi Clean (Brand name change)
Before- How Deep is Your Love, by the Bee Gees, lyric “I really need to know”/Is Now- How Deep is Your Love, by the Bee Gees lyric “I really mean to know” (Lyrical change)
Before- The evil gremlin from the movie “The Gremlins” name was Spike/Is Now- The evil gremlin from the movie “The Gremlins” name was Stripe (Fictional character name change)
Before- Pillsbury Dough Boy had a blue scarf/Is Now- Pillsbury Dough Boy has always had a white scarf (Fictional characteLogo change)
Before- First fax was sent in 1964/Is Now- First fax was sent in 1846 by Alexander Bain when he sent the first ever image using electricity via wires (Historical/Technological change)
Before- The sun on the Raisin Bran cereal box had sunglasses/Is Now- The sun on the Raisin Bran cereal box never had sunglasses (Brand/Logo change)
Before- Gilligan’s hat was white on “Gilligan’s Island”/Is Now- Gilligan’s hat was tan (TV show/Fictional character change)
Before- The Tunguska, Siberia meteor explosion of 1908 killed 100s-1000s of people/Is Now- Nobody died even though the damage from the incident stretched 830 square miles (Historical change)
Before- Bananas grew from the stem down/Is Now- They grow upside down, from the stem upward (Plant change)
Before – The Union Jack’s white lines were symmetrical/Is Now- The Union Jack’s white lines are asymmetrical and off-centered (Country flag change)
Before- Christopher Reeves/Is Now- Christopher Reeve (Celebrity name change)
Before- “She took a midnight train” and “He took a midnight train” in “Don’t Stop Believing”/Is Now- Only “He took a midnight train” is ever in the lyrics (Lyrical change)
Before- Gibraltar was an island between Spain and Morocco in the Straight of GibraltaIs Now- Gibraltar was never an island. It is a small landmass that shoots off of the Southern tip of Spain and is attached (Geographical change)
Before- Al Pacino line was “You’re out of order! This whole courtroom is out of order!”/Is now- “You’re out of order! This whole trial is out of order!” (Movie dialogue change)
Before- Stouffer’s Stove Top Stuffing/Is Now- Kraft Stove Top Stuffing (Product change)
Before- Gene Wilder died several years ago-several times/Is Now- Gene Wilder died August 29, 2016 (Lazarus celebrity)
Before- JC Penny/Is Now- JC Penney (Brand name change)
Before- American Gothic showed a man and woman staring blankly forward (or into “the camera”)/Is Now- The woman is looking off to the right and into space while the man stares forward (and into “the camera”) (Historical art change)
Before- We are the Champions “Of the world” was sang at the end of the song/Is Now- We are the Champions “Of the world” is sang in the middle of the song, but not at the end (Lyrical change)
Before- 52 US states/Is Now- 50 US states (Geographical change)
Before- There was a large island to the west of Australia/Is Now- There was never a large island to the west of Australia (Geographical change)
Before- Darth Vader’s helmet was all black/Is Now- Darth Vader has a silver nose (Fictional character changes)
Before- Porshe/Is Now- Porsche (Brand name change)
Before- China had the only “Great Wall”/Is Now- Great Wall of Pakistan “The Great Wall of Sindh” (this is in addition to the “Great Wall of India” (New historical landmarks)
Before- Cruella Deville/Is Now- Cruella De Vil
Before- Knight Rider – Kit’s voice box was in the center console/Is Now- Kit’s voice box is in the dash just above the steering wheel (Fictional character change)
Before- Alaskan Airlines/Is Now- Alaska Airlines (Brand name change)
Before- White Out/Is Now- Wite Out (Product name change)
Before- Traffic lights were ordered from green on top to red on bottom/Is Now- Traffic lights are ordered from red on top to green on bottom
Before- Hamlet line “Alas, poor Yorick, I knew him well”/Is Now- Never existed (Famous play quote)
Before- Snoopy’s tail was a black line/Is Now- Snoopy’s tail is white (Fictional character change)
Before- There was no newspaper “precog” report in 1937 outlining the 1941 attack on Pearl HarboIs Now- There was a detailed US NATIONAL newspaper report in 1937 outlining the coming attack on Pearl harbor (Historical change)
Before- John Lennon’s suit in the “Imagine” video was white/Is Now- John Lennon’s suit in the “Imagine” video was black (Music video change)
Before- Mike Tyson bit off all or at least a chunk of Evander Holyfield's ear, and then spit it out during a televised match/Is Now- Mike Tyson bit Evander Holyfield's ear, but never bit any portion of it off, nor did he spit it out after (Historical sporting event change)

(Continuously Updating as I Remember More)

NOTE: I will also begin including those that I am not affected by, in the past, I have omitted these, as I felt I was being disingenuous by including them as if I had experienced them myself - Most, however, I am affected by personally.

Recruiting Round-Up: Early Signing Day Edition

Gonna do something a little different for today- Instead of doing a follow-up of the day prior, I’m going to keep updating this post throughout the day with commitments as they come in (Probably will update every 10mins or so).
Air Force: NR LB SirVocea Dennis (Syracuse, NY/Christian Brothers Academy/The Peddie School)
Alabama: 4* S Jordan Battle (Fort Lauderdale, FL/St. Thomas Aquinas), 5* OT Evan Neal (Okeechobee, FL/Okeechobee/IMG Academy), 5* RB Trey Sanders (Port St. Joe, FL/Port St. Joe/IMG Academy)
Primary Recruiter (Battle): Joe Pannunzio
Primary Recruiter (Neal): Brent Key
Primary Recruiter (Sanders): Tosh Lupoi
Arizona: 4* CB Bobby Wolfe (Houston, TX/Madison)
Arizona State: 4* DE Stephon Wright (Los Angeles, CA/Cathedral)
Primary Recruiter: Antonio Pierce
Arkansas: 3* CB Gregory Brooks Jr. (Harvey, LA/West Jefferson)
Primary Recruiter: Ron Cooper
Arkansas State: NR CB Amir Howard (Citra, FL/North Marion/Fort Scott CC), NR DT Aaron Donkor (Roswell, NM/New Mexico Military Institute), NR OG Ernesto Ramirez (Norwalk, CA/Cerritos College), NR DE Kailon Davis (Reserve, LA/East St. John/Independence)
Auburn: 4* DE Derick Hall (Gulfport, MS/Gulfport), 3* RB DJ Williams (Sebring, FL/Sebring)
Primary Recruiter (Hall): Marcus Woodson
Primary Recruiter (Williams): Tim Horton
Ball State: NR WR Jerwuan Thomas (Huntsville, AL/Virgil Grissom School)
Baylor: 3* TE Sam Snyder (Orange Park, FL/Fleming Island), 4* ATH Peyton Powell (Odessa, TX/Permian), 3* OG Davis DiVall (Bridgton, ME/Bridgton Academy), 3* WR Jaylen Ellis (Round Rock, TX/Cedar Ridge)
Primary Recruiter (Snyder & DiVall): Evan Cooper
Primary Recruiter (Ellis): Shawn Bell
Boise State: 3* WR Shea Whiting (Houston, TX/Alief Taylor)
Primary Recruiter: Eric Kiesau
Boston College: 3* S Connor Grieco (Montvale, NJ/St. Joseph Regional), 3* CB Josh DeBerry (Warren, MI/De La Salle Collegiate), 3* DT Mike Ciaffoni (Sudbury, MA/Sudbury-Lincoln Regional)
Primary Recruiter (Grieco): Anthony Campanile
Primary Recruiter (DeBerry): Bill Sheridan
Primary Recruiter (Ciaffoni): Jim Reid
Bowling Green: 2* DE Andrew Bench (Genoa, OH/Genoa Area), 3* CB Davin Wilson (Moreno Valley, CA/Rancho Verde), NR WR Jake Rogers (Medina, OH/Highland), NR OG Christopher Oliver (Erie, PA/Cathedral Prep), [3* WR Tyrone Broden[(https://247sports.com/PlayeTyrone-Broden-46055265) (West Bloomfield, MI/West Bloomfield), NR DT Blaine Spires (Youngstown, OH/East), NR ATH Brennan Spiess (London, OH/London), NR ATH Davion Daniels (Hubbard, OH/Hubbard), NR S Jajuan Hudson (Camden, NJ/Camden), NR DE Dawan Martin (Youngstown, OH/East)
Buffalo: 2* DT Ronald McGee (Sumter, SC/SumteHighland CC), NR DT CJ Bazile (Bayonne, NJ/Bayonne), MR RB Larry Robbins (Miami, FL/Northwestern), 2* DE Georell Kidd (Miami, FL/Northwestern), NR OG Caelan Shepard (Annapolis, MD/Broadneck Senior), NR TE Tyler Stephens (Leavittsburg, OH/Labrae), 2* OT Anthony Laudicina (Wayne, PA/Radnor)
Cal: 3* CB Jaylen Martin (Corona, CA/Eleanor Roosevelt)
Primary Recruiter: Gerald Alexander
Charleston: NR RB Felix Nembhard (Homestead, FL/South Dade)
Charlotte: NR WR Quinton Patten (Blythewood, SC/Blythewood), 3* CB Bryson Whitehead (Cornelius, NC/William Amos Hough), NR OT Yontez Jarrell (Jacksonville, FL/Ed White), 2* TE Rhett Read (Jewett, TX/Leon/Blinn College), NR CB Solomon Rogers NR CB Solomon Rogers (Rolesville, NC/Rolesville)
Central Michigan: 3* CB Ormondell Dingle (Detroit, MI/Cass Technical), 3* ATH Kyron McKinnie-Harper (Detroit, MI/Cass Technical), 3* CB Dishon McNary (Dallas, GA/East Paulding/Independence CC)
Cincinnati: 3* WR Ja’Quan Sheppard (Zephyrhills, FL/Zephyrhills)
Clemson: 3* OT Kaleb Boateng (Fort Lauderdale, FL/Fort Lauderdale), 4* DT Tyler Davis (Apopka, FL/Wekiva)
Primary Recruiter (Boateng): Robbie Caldwell
Primary Recruiter (Davis): Todd Bates
Colorado: NR DT Janaz Jordan (Hampton, VA/Bethel/Hinds CC), 3* LB Marvin Ham (Bellevile, MI/Belleville), 3* CB KJ Trujillo (Orange, CA/Orange Lutheran)
Primary Recruiter (Trujillo): Darrin Chiaverini
Colorado State: 3* CB Caleb Blake (Orlando, FL/Bishop Moore Catholic), 2* OT Alex Azusenis (Powell, OH/Oletangy Liberty), NR CB Andre Neal (Owings Mills, MD/New Town/College of San Mateo), 3* WR Dante Wright (Navarre, FL/Navarre), 3* WR Ty McCullouch (Moreno Valley, CA/Rancho Verde)
Primary Recruiter (Wright): Joe Cox
Primary Recruiter (McCullouch): Ronnie Letson
East Carolina: 3* CB Juan Powell (Atlanta, GA/Douglass)
Eastern Michigan: 3* WR DeAnthony Ball (Atlanta, GA/Carver), 3* LB Brandon Burks (Pickerington, OH/Pickerington Central/Butler CC), 2* LB Charles Brown Jr. (Edgewood, MD/Edgewood)
FAU: 3* TE Rahmod Smith (Homestead, FL/Homestead), 3* S Dwight Toombs II (Port St. Lucie, FL/St. Lucie West Centennial), NR WR Adrian Bryant (Visalia, CA/College of the Sequoias)
FIU: 2* K Tommy Heatherly (Grove, OK/Grove/Northeastern Oklahoma A&M), NR DE Ty Danzy (Anderson, SC/Westside), NR OT Julius Pierce (Sanford, FL/Seminole)
Florida: 4* OG Deyavie Hammond (Lakeland, FL/Lakeland), 4* DE Lloyd Summerall (Lakeland, FL/Lakeland), 4* TE Keon Zipperer (Lakeland, FL/Lakeland)
Prmary Recruiter (Hammond & Zipperer): Larry Scott
Primary Recruiter (Summerall): Todd Grantham
Florida State: 3* DT Malcolm Ray (Miami, FL/Miami Carol City), 3* CB Jarvis Brownlee (Opa Locka, FL/Miami Carol City), 4* S Raymond Woodie III (Tallahassee, FL/Florida State Univ. School)
Primary Recruiter (Ray & Brownlee): Telly Lockette
Primary Recruiter: Raymond Woodie
Fresno State: 3* CB Deven Jarvis (La Puente, CA/Bishop Amat), 3* LB Devonta Bridges (Rialto, CA/William Amina Charter), 3* RB Peyton Dixon (Reno, NV/Bishop Manogue), 3* WR Joshua Kelly (Fresno, CA/San Joaquin Memorial), 3* ATH Levelle Bailey (Sacramento, CA/Luther Burbank)
Primary Recruiter (Jarvis): Ryan Grubb
Georgia: 4* QB Dwan Mathis (Belleville, MI/Oak Park), 5* LB Nakobe Dean (Horn Lake, MS/Horn Lake), NR QB Stetson Bennett IV (Blackshear, GA/Pierce County/Jones County JC)
Primary Recruiter (Mathis): James Coley
Primary Recruiter (Dean): Dan Lanning
Georgia Southern: NR LB Caree Collier (Augusta, GA/Aquinas), NR OG Verneal Henshaw Jr. (Bunnell, FL/Flagler-Palm Coast)
Georgia Tech: 2* DT Joseph Appiah Darkwa (Dusseldorf, Germany), 3* WR Ahmarean Brown (Tampa, FL/Jefferson)
Hawaii: NR LB Tauivi Ho Ching (Tafuna, American Samoa/Tafuna/Mt. San Antonio College)
Houston: 3* DE Taures Payne (Hoover, AL/HooveNorthwest Mississippi CC), 3* OT Rodquice Chaney (Houston, TX/Alief Elsik)
Howard: 2* OT James Prince (White Plains, NY/Archbishop Stepinac)
Idaho: 3* RB Kiahn Martinez (Aurora, CO/Regis Jesuit), 3* WR Camren Thomas (Los Angeles, CA/Hawkins), 2* DT Vei Tomasi (Oakland, CA/Fremont/Laney College), 2* RB Nick Romano (Meridian, ID/Rocky Mountain), 2* LB Tanner Brooks (Mead, WA/Mt. Spokane), 2* LB Austin Holt (Palatka, FL/Palatka/College Of The Desert), NR LB Jalan Jenkins (Evanston, IL/Evanston/Butte College), 2* S Satchel Escalante (Chandler, AZ/Hamilton/Scottsdale CC), 2* QB Nathan Cisco (Thompson’s Station, TN/Independence)
Illinois: 3* DE Keith Randolph (Belleville, IL/Belleville West)
Primary Recruiter: Cory Patterson
Indiana: 3* DT Juan Harris (Janesville, WI/ParkeIndependence CC), 3* DT Antoine Whitner (Richmond, VA/Godwin/IMG Academy)
Primary Recruiter (Harris): Mark Hagen
Iowa: 3* ATH Daraun McKinney (River Rouge, MI/River Rouge), 3* RB Shadrick Byrd
Primary Recruiter (McKinney): Phil Parker
Primary Recruiter (Byrd): Derrick Foster
Kansas State: NR OG Taylor Poitier (Mission, KS/Bishop Miege), 3* CB William Jones (Arlington, TX/Mansfield Summit), 3* FB Jax Dineen (Lawrence, KS/Lawrence Free State), 3* QB Jaren Lewis (Columbia, MO/Battle)
Kennesaw State: 2* LB Joel Parker (Pinson, AL/Pinson Valley), NR RB Iaan Cousin (Kennesaw, GA/Mt. Zion), 3* DT Antwann Fann (Perry, GA/Perry), NR OG Jack Chavis (New Hebron, MS/New Hebron/Holmes CC), NR OT Devin Floyd (Rome, GA/Rome), [NR S Darius Miller](Ringgold, GA/Coachulla Creek/Dodge City CC), NR S Kadarius Satterwhite (Newnan, GA/Newnan/Dodge City CC), NR OG Jeremiah Paulo (Lakewood, CA/Lakewood/Long Beach City College)
Kent State: 2* RB Bryan Bradford (Saint Louis, MO/Christian Brothers), 3* DE Prince Okituama (Newark, NJ/West Side), 2* OG Adam Tourville (La Habra, CA/La Habra/Cerritos College)
Kentucky: 3* ATH Taj Dodson (Fairburn, GA/Creekside), 4* S Quandre Mosely (Brunswick, GA/Glynn Academy/Eastern Arizona College)
Primary Recruiter (Dodson): Matt House
Louisville: 3* QB Evan Conley (Marietta, GA/Kell)
Primary Recruiter: Bryan Brown
LSU: 4* DT Siaki Ika (Salt Lake City, UT/East), 4* ATH Raydarious Jones (Horn Lake, MS/Horn Lake)
Primary Recruiter (Ika): Bill Busch
Primary Recruiter (Jones): Corey Raymond
Marshall: NR DT Elijah Alston (Chesapeake, VA/Oscar Smith), NR RB Cedrick Wilcox (Port St. Lucie, FL/St. Lucie West Centennial), NR OT Josh Ball (Fredericksburg, VA/Stafford Sr./Butler CC)
Maryland: 3* TE Malik Jackson (Fort Meade, MD/Meade Senior)
Memphis: NR CB Gabe Rogers (Jackson, MS/Callaway/Jones County JC), NR OT John Dale (De Kalb, MS/Kemper County/Hinds CC)
Miami OH: 2* DE Jahmal Wynter (McDonough, GA/Henry County/Highland CC)
Michigan: 5* S Daxton Hill (Tulsa, OK/Booker T. Washington), 4* WR Cornelius Johnson (Greenwich, CT/Brunswick School)
Primary Recruiter (Hill): Sherrone Moore
Primary Recruiter (Johnson): Don Brown
Michigan State: 3* OT Maverick Hansen (Farmington, MI/Harrison)
Middle Tennessee State: 2* CB Jalen Jackson (Valrico, FL/Bloomingdale), 3* DE Darius Williams (Hemingway, SC/Hemingway), NR LB Roninn Wright (Kingsland, GA/Camden County)
Minnesota: 3* CB Kelvin Clemmons (Tampa, FL/Alonso/Hutchinson CC)
Missouri: 3* LB Devin Nicholson (Detroit, MI/Cass Technical), 3* DE Darius Robinson (Canton, MI/Canton), 3* DT Chris Daniels (Euless, TX/Trinity/Copiah-Lincoln CC), 3* LB Jamie Pettway (Albany, GA/Westover)
Primary Recruiter (Nicholson & Robinson): AJ Ofodile
Montana: 2* OT Dumitru Salagor (Camas, WA/Union)
Murray State: 3* QB Brandon Wharton II (Nolensville, TN/Nolensville)
Navy: 3* FB Sitiveni Kaufusi (Honolulu, HI/Punahou), 3* S BJ Gibson (Marietta, GA/Walton)
Nebraska: 3* OT Brant Banks (Houston, TX/Westbury Christian School), 3* OT Jimmy Fritzsche (Greenville, SC/Greenville), 4* DE Ty Robinson (Gilbert, AZ/Higley)
Primary Recruiter (Banks & Fritzsche): Greg Austin
Primary Recruiter (Robinson): Mike Dawson
Nevada: 3* DE Javasia Brunson (Lufkin, TX/Lufkin), 3* DE Breylon Garcia (Lufkin, TX/Lufkin)
New Mexico: 3* S Shaddrick Lowery (Fort Lauderdale, FL/American Heritage/College of the Canyons), 3* Qb Brandt Hughes (Chico, CA/Pleasant Valley/Butte College), NR WR Jordan Kress (Glendale, AZ/Mountain Ridge/Butte College), 3* TE Kyle Jarvis (Antioch, CA/Antioch/Contra Costa College), 3* OG Jacob Jankoviak (Fullerton, CA/Centennial/Fullerton College), 3* CB Antonio Hunt (Lancaster, CA/Paraclete/College of the Canyons), 3* LB James Lewis (Tulsa, OK/Memorial/Coffeyville CC), 3* LB Reco Hannah (Wedowee, AL/Randolph County/Highland CC), NR LB Devin Sanders (San Diego, CA/Mira Mesa/San Diego Mesa College), 2* LB Jacobi Hearn (Clinton, MS/Clinton/Mississippi Gulf Coast CC)
New Mexico State: NR S Chris Bell (Hendersonville, TN/Pope John Paul II/Independence CC), [2* WR Robert Downs](Cerritos, CA/Valley Christian/Fullerton College), 2* OG Eligah Hunter (Washington, DC/Friendship Collegiate Academy/ASA College NY), 3* DT Lama Lavea (El Paso, TX/Chapin), 3* LB Tevan McAdams (Denton, TX/GuyeTrinity Valley CC), NR LB Taylor Milton (Zachary, LA/Zachary), 2* OT Blake Walker (Visalia, CA/Central Valley Christian/Ventura College), 2* WR Terrell Warner (Holden, LA/WalkeDodge City CC), 2* WR Jared Wyatt (Wylie, TX/Wylie East/Navarro College)
Nicholls State: NR CB Jordan Jackson (Geismar, LA/Dutchtown)
North Carolina: 3* DE Tomari Fox (Suwanee, GA/Collins Hill), 3* OT Triston Miller (Charlotte, NC/Charlotte Country Day), 4* QB Sam Howell (Monroe, NC/Sun Valley)
Primary Recruiter (Howell): Tommy Thigpen
North Texas: 3* WR Khatib Lyles (El Paso, TX/Parkland), 3* CB Quinn Whitlock (Pinola, MS/Mendenhall/Copiah-Lincoln CC)
Northern Illinois: 3* WR Fabian McCray (Chicago, IL/Phillips Academy), NR DT Reece Heyerdahl (Neenah, WI/Neenah), 3* WR Tyrice Richie (Chicago Heights, IL/Marian Catholic/Dodge City CC)
Ohio: 2* OG Joe Oakes (Cincinnati, OH/Indian Hill)
Ohio State: 3* DT Jaden McKenzie (Wake Forest, NC/Wake Forest), 5* DE Zach Harrison (Lewis Center, OH/Oletangy Orange)
Primary Recruiter (McKenzie): Larry Johnson
Primary Recruiter (Harrison); Kevin Wilson
Oklahoma: 4* S Jeremiah Criddell (Santa Ana, CA/Mater Dei), 4* DE Marcus Stripling (Houston, TX/Mayde Creek)
Primary Recruiter (Criddell): Kerry Cooks
Primary Recruiter (Stripling): Calvin Thibodeaux
Oklahoma State: 4* WR Langston Anderson (Midland, TX/Heritage)
Primary Recruiter: Kasey Dunn
Old Dominion: 2* ATH Frederik Antoine (Canada), NR DE Tyree Bibby (Hialeah, FL/American/Coffeyville CC), NR CB Kaleb Ford-Dement (Whitehouse, TXWhitehouse/Kilgore JC), NR DT Carson Ramos (Yuba City, CA/Yuba City), NR LB Tony Williams (Mission Viejo, CA/Mission Viejo/Saddleback College)
Ole Miss: 3* WR Dontario Drummond (Laurel, MS/Laurel/East Mississippi CC)
Oregon: 3* DE Brandon Dorlus (Deerfield Beach, FL/Deerfield Beach), 3* LB Dru Mathis (Ventura, CA/Buena/Moorpark College)
Primary Recruiter (Dorlus & Mathis): Cort Dennison
Portland State: NR LB JJ Tuinei (Las Vegas, NV/Arbor View)
Penn State: 4* RB Noah Cain (Denton, TX/GuyeIMG Academy)
Primary Recruiter: Ja’Juan Seider
Rice: 2* CB Joshua Landrum (Cedar Hill, TX/Cedar Hill), 3* LB Josh Pearcy (Moorestown, NJ/Moorestown), NR WR Bradley Rozner (Needville, TX/Needville/Cisco College), NR DE Adrian Bickham (Tickfaw, LA/Varnado), 3* ATH Jake Bailey (Bellflower, CA/St. John Bosco), 2* OG Hunter Jones (Stockton, CA/St. Mary’s), NR S Naeem Smith (Iowa City, IA/Iowa City/Ellsworth CC)
Rutgers: 3* S TJ Robinson (Riverview, FL/Riverview), 3* RB Aaron Young (Coatesville, PA/Coatesville)
Primary Recruiter (Young): Lester Erb
Samford: NR ATH Trimarcus Cheeks (Hampton, GA/Dutchtown)
San Diego State: 2* LB Garret Fountain (Turlock, CA/Turlock), 3* OG Kyle Trombley (Yorba Linda, CA/Yorba Linda), 3* OC Joey Capra (Auburn, CA/Placer)
San Jose State: 3* WR Jamar Simpson (Moreno Valley, CA/Rancho Verde)
SMU: 3* DE Nelson Paul (Bunnell, FL/Flagler-Palm Coast)
Primary Recruiter: Randall Joyner
South Alabama: NR S Ryan Melton (West Point, MS/West Point), NR TE Nick Thompson (Madison, MS/St. Joseph Catholic/Holmes CC), NR ATH Dallas Gamble (Booneville, MS/Booneville), 3* ATH Dajon Richard (Patterson, LA/Patterson)
Primary Recruiter (Gamble): Josh Jones
Primary Recruiter (Richard): Pete Bennett
South Carolina: 3* CB John Dixon (Tampa, FL/Chamberlain)
Primary Recruiter: Bryan McClendon
Southern Miss: 3* OT Khalique Washington (Lebanon, PA/Lebanon/Dodge City CC), 3* ATH Antavious Willis (Camden, MS/Velma Jackson)
Primary Recruiter (Washington): Paul Gonnella
Syracuse: 3* OT Cooper Dawson (Charleston, SC/Hanahan)
Temple: 3* OG Jermaine Donaldson (Voorhees, NJ/Eastern), 3* LB Mohammad Kamara (Newark, NJ/Central)
Tennessee: 3* WR Jerrod Means (Hampton, GA/Lovejoy)
Primary Recruiter: David Johnson
Texas A&M&:4* DE Derick Hunter (Fort Myers, FL/Dunbar)
Primary Recruiter: Jay Graham
Toledo: 3* CB Troy Simon (Alpharetta, GA/Milton/Coffeyville CC), 3* CB Chris McDonald (Miami, FL/Miami Southridge)
Texas Southern: 3* QB Brysen McKinney (Arlington, TX/Mansfield Summit)
Troy: 3* WR Reggie Todd (Mobile, AL/Blount/Hinds CC), 3* LB Ahdarrious Gee (Cordele, GA/Crisp County), 3* WR Khalil McClain (Valdosta, GA/Creekside/Hutchinson CC)
Tulane: 3* CB Ton’Quez Ball (Knoxville, TN/South-Doyle), 3* LB Dorian Williams
Tulsa: NR OT Jeremy Jones (Lewisville, TX/Lewisville)
UAB: 3* OT Jayme Simmons (Alabaster, AL/Thompson)
UCF: NR P Alan Kervin (Tarpon Springs, FL/East Lake), 3* CB Jarrad Baker (Melbourne, FL/Eau Gallie), 3* QB Dillon Gabriel (Mililani, HI/Mililani)
Primary Recruiter (Gabriel): Jeff Lebby
UCLA: 3* WR Jaylen Erwin (Charlotte, NC/Ardrey Kell/Hutchinson CC), 3* DT Siale Liku (Oakland, CA/Oakland), 2* OG Josh Carlin (Chatsworth, CA/Sierra Canyon)
Primary Recruiter (Carlin): Justin Frye
UConn: NR DT Rayonte Brown (Dundalk, MD/Dundalk), NR CB Winston Jules (Salisbury, CT/Salisbury School), NR DE Eric Watts (Sumter, SC/Sumter), NR QB Jack Zergiotis (Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC/John Abbott), 3* ATH Malik Dixon (Apopka, FL/Wekiva)
UL-Monroe: NR DE Ivin White Jr. (Brandon, MS/Brandon/Hinds CC), NR TE Donovan Hickman (Union, MS/Union/Pearl River CC), NR RB Zackary Martin (Woodville, TX/Woodville), NR DT Edward Haralson (Yazoo City, MS/Yazoo County/Jones County JC), NR QB Elijah Walker (Amite, LA/Amite/Trinity Valley CC), NR S Chancellor Hitchens (Baton Rouge, LA/McKinley), 2* DT Seth Mason (Allen, TX/Allen), NR OG Victor Cutler (West Monroe, LA/West Monroe), 3* OG Evan Henry (DeSoto, TX/DeSoto), NR CB Tavier Williams (Many, LA/Many)
UMass: 3* DE Jaylin Bannerman (Pickerington, OH/Pickerington Central/Arizona Western College)
USC: 3* S Briton Allen (Orlando, FL/Lake Highland Prep/IMG Academy), 3* DE Nick Figueroa (San Bernardino, CA/Cajon/Riverside CC), 3* LB Ralen Goforth (Bellflower, CA/St. John Bosco), 4* DE Drake Jackson (Corona, CA/Centennial), 3* DT Dejon Benton (Pittsburg, CA/Pittsburg Senior)
Primary Recruiter (Allen): Gavin Morris
Primary Recruiter (Figueroa): Eric Ziskin
Primary Recruiter (Goforth): Johnny Nansen
USF: 3* CB Jayden Curry (Virginia Beach, VA/Bayside/IMG Academy), 3* QB Jahquez Evans (Atlanta, GA/Mays), 3* DE Tyrik Jones (Fort Lauderdale, FL/Plantation/Arizona Western College)
Primary Recruiter (Evans): Justin Burke
Prinary Recruiter (Jones): Sean Cronin
Utah: 3* OG Sataoa Laumea (Rialto, CA/Eisenhower Senior)
Primary Recruiter: Jim Harding
UTSA: 3* QB Lowell Narcisse (Saint James, LA/St. James/Mississippi Gulf Coast CC)
Vanderbilt: 3* RB Keyon Brooks (Acworth, GA/Kennesaw Mountain), NR DE Lashawn Paulino-Bell (Pompano Beach, FL/St. Thomas Aquinas/East Mississippi CC)
Virginia: 3* CB Tenyeh Dixon (Washington, DC/Woodson HD), 3* WR Nathaniel Beal III (Houston, TX/Strake Jesuit)
Virginia Tech: 3* CB Brion Murray (Milford, DE/Milford/Hutchinson CC)
Wake Forest: 3* ATH Trey Rucker (Oakton, VA/Flint Hill School)
West Virginia: 3* WR Ali Jennings (Highland Springs, VA/Highland Springs)
Primary Recruiter: Tyron Carrier
Western Kentucky: 3* OG Jack Randolph (Franklin, KY/Franklin-Simpson), 3* WR Joshua Simon (Sumter, SC/Crestwood), NR DT Marcus Bragg (Miami, FL/Jackson/Arizona Western College)
Wyoming: 3* WR Treyton Welch (Buffalo, MN/Buffalo Senior), 2* S Jerome Cooper (Los Angeles, CA/Alain Leroy Locke Senior), NR RB Jordan Murry (Murrieta, CA/Murrieta Valley)

Recruiting Round-Up-6/24 Edition

Which city will be the next to get their first NFL team?

Roger Goodell is always talking about growing revenues and sometimes expanding the league. It seems likely that Los Angeles will eventually get a team again, but what about cities that have never had an NFL team? What city will be the next to host their first home team?
City: San Antonio, TX Population: 1,382,951 Other Pro/Major College Teams: San Antonio Spurs (NBA) Pros: Located in football-crazy Texas, San Antonio is by far the biggest city outside of Los Angeles to not have an NFL team. San Antonio is growing rapidly. And while a San Antonio team would be the third Texas NFL team, the geography works- they're more than 2.5 hours from Houston and 4 hours from Dallas. But what's most attractive is that it would be easy to plug in an NFL team without much investment, due to the construction of the 65,000 seat (up to 72,000) Alamodome in the early 90's. It hosts the annual Alamo Bowl and other events such as CFL and college games. At 65,000, it would be the 6th smallest stadium, tied with Ford Field and just a little more than the University of Phoenix Stadium. Expanded to 72,000, it lands between Atlanta's Georgia Dome and Buffalo's Ralph Wilson Stadium. It would be newer than 9 currently in-use NFL stadiums. As the NFL seeks to internationalize itself, having a team this close to the Mexican border may also prove to be an attractive prospect to draw in Mexican audiences. Cons: The Cowboys and Texans may not want to share their Texas pie with another major franchise, even one far away from most of them. And while large, San Antonio is not a high-profile city. While the Spurs are popular, there isn't much in the way of major sports to know if a team would succeed in the town, and if they could pull enough dollars from Texans, Cowboys, and Longhorn fans. Likelihood: This seems to be the most likely place. An untapped population, international reach, and a ready-made stadium could make this a highly attractive spot for an owner looking to make a move with minimal investment (i.e. not having to build a new stadium, or get a local government to build one).
City: San Jose, CA Population: 982,765 Other Pro/Major College Teams: Sharks (NHL) Pros: San Jose is hip place in the heart of Silicon Valley, with beautiful weather and a lot of money. Cons: The 49ers just moved their stadium to Santa Clara, just bordering San Jose. If anything, they are more San Jose than San Francisco. With the Raiders in nearby Oakland, it would concentrate a lot of NFL firepower in one small footprint. Likelihood: Very low. The league would likelu not allow a team there with the 49ers on their doorstep. While a market can support two teams if large enough (Jets/Giants, 49ers/Raiders) adding a third would be too deletrious to those in place.
City: Columbus, OH Population: 809,798 Other Pro/Major College Teams: Blue Jackets (NHL), Ohio State Buckeyes (NCAA) Pros: Ohio is up there with Texas with states that take their football seriously. Columbus is the largest city and capital in Ohio, and is already the home of very avid football fans for the Buckeyes. I'm not sure of the politics would make this possible, but if OSU allowed the Columbus NFL team to use Ohio Stadium, it would be the second largest (only behind Cowboys Stadium) with a max attendance of 102,329. Cons: It would be the third NFL team in Ohio, next to the Bengals and Browns. Both of those teams have been historically not great, and along with the continued poor showing of the Blue Jackets and difficulty of succeeding in the NFL may make Ohio sports teams weary. Likelihood: Unlikely. The Buckeyes own Columbus, and the other two owners in Ohio (and nearby Pittsburgh) would probably not want to share their turf with a new team. Unlike Texas, this is an area that has been under some economic hardship and may be difficult to justify another team in the state.
City: Austin, TX Population: 842,592 Other Pro/Major College Teams: University of Texas Longhorns (NCAA) Pros: Like with San Antonio, Texas is enthusiastic about football. Still located a good distance from the current NFL teams in Texas, Austin is a city in the midst of large economic expansion. The University of Texas contributes to a fun, weird atmosphere that would make Austin an attractive destination for visiting fans to come into town. If like Columbus the NFL team was able to lease Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, it would again be the #2 stadium in the NFL wth 100,119. Cons: Like Columbus and their Buckeyes, Austin bleeds burnt orange. UT football is a big deal there, and an NFL team would probably be in competition for these dollars. While there is large support from Texas faithful and the very large student body at UT, it's not clear that there would be the same level of support for an NFL team right there. Asking for 200,000 football tickets to be sold most weekends in the Fall is a daunting prospect for a town of less than a million people. Likelihood: Unlikely. Austin doesn't seem like a city that has much drive to need an NFL team, as their sporting fixes are more than made up by a typically-competitive UT team plus the nearby Cowboys and Texans.
City: Portland, OR Population: 603,106 Other Pro/Major College Teams: Timbers (MLS), Trail Blazers (NBA) Pros: Portland is a growing city that doesn't have a competitive football team nearby. Seattle is 2.5 hours, and the two recently-competitive football teams, Oregon State Beavers and the Oregon Ducks, are 1 to 2 hours away. Portland is larger than many NFL cities and is very underserved by pro sports in general, and Oregon fans have shown a lot of support for their NCAA teams. A sporting culture, including a ready-made partnership with Oregon-based Nike, might make Portland a place to put on the radar if the NFL seeks to expand. Portland and Seattle can continue their rivalry on the gridiron, instead of arguing whose Pride Parade is gayer. Cons: There would have to be a new stadium built, and locals are probably going to put up a fight against any public financing or use of eminent domain to secure a desirable city location. This would mean a stadium probably built out in the suburbs, which can have mixed results. I asked some relatives of mine what they thought about local support, and they were decidedly mixed, thinking that Portland thinks itself too much of itself to allow something as base as professional football to succeed. Likelihood: Not the least but not the most. While there's no real muscle pushing a team to Portland, and Portlandia has biased me to think that locals will protest something as base as football, it might actually be a good place for the NFL to consider expansion to.
City: Toronto, ON Population: 2,615,060 Other Pro/Major College Teams: Blue Jays (MLB), Argonauts (CFL), Raptors (NBA), Maple Leafs (NHL), Toronto FC (MLS) Pros: The Bills already play one game a year in Rogers Centre (though it will always be SkyDome to me) and there are a lot of Canadian fans of NFL football. While the Toronto series has been a debacle for the Bills (usually meaning the opposition has as many fans there as the Bills, giving them effectively one less home game a year), a dedicated NFL team may fare better. With local support, Toronto has the sports culture, population, stadium, and most importantly money (check out Maple Leafs ticket prices!) to support an NFL team. Whether the local support would actually catch is another story. Toronto would also become the third-largest city with an NFL team, coming in just under Chicago's 2.7 million. Cons: For American football, Rogers Centre only seats 54,000. That makes it the third smallest stadium in the NFL, above just Chicago and Minnesota. Crowd noise at the Bills games has been lackluster to say the least, but then again, so have the Bills. They would also be in direct competition with the Toronto Argonauts of the CFL. While the NFL definitely has larger marketing and name power, the Argos do enjoy healthy local support and are one of the oldest sports franchises in the world. Ex-con players might create headaches for visiting teams at the border. Free agents might also be hesitant to make Toronto home, given that it's (really) cold and Canadian taxes are much higher. Likelihood: Very. Goodell wants to make the game international, and Toronto is the prime target. Buffalo seems the most likely team to move there, but it's far from guaranteed. Don't be surprised if Jacksonville sneaks in on this one.
City: Las Vegas, NV Population: 596,424 Other Pro/Major College Teams: None Pros: A completely underserved sports market along with a fairly high population. It probably wouldn't be hard to find a casino magnate with money to burn that could finance an expansion team in the desert. Cons: It's hot. The gambling and party culture might make it a hotbed of player misbehavior, as there's quite a difference between a rookie signing their first million-dollar contract in northern Wisconsin versus a 5-minute drive from The Strip. A new stadium would need to be built, and without any major sports teams nearby, it's difficult to know if an NFL team would be viable. The NFL might also balk at the image of a Vegas team, as inevitably there would be accusations of fixing and bribery for gambling reasons. Likelihood: Unlikely. The NFL is just too risk-averse to invest that kind of money into a place like Vegas.
City: Virginia Beach, VA Population: 449,628 Other Pro/Major College Teams: None Pros: Virginia Beach is one of those invisible large metro areas. Taking in the bordering cities of Chesapeake, Norfolk, and Hampton, the greater area has a metro population of 616,805 just in those towns. Expanding to the larger area and it gets pretty big. It's a wealthy area with a major port and some great tourist areas nearby. It fills a void between the Baltimore/Washington tail of Megalopolis before the Carolina fans pick up. While there is no stadium, there is plenty of room for one, and lots of waterfront that could potentially be converted to a beautiful stadium location. And while the Sacramento Kings deal didn't work out, it showed that local government and ownership groups may be willing to bring a team to this area. Cons: Not a high-profile place. An NBA team, especially one like the Kings, is significantly cheaper than an NFL franchise. The team would have to build a stadium. Likelihood: Could be a dark horse. Virginia has a surprising lack of sports teams, and is even underserved by major college sports. UVa is rarely much more than middling, and sometimes-competitive Virginia Tech is all the way at the western end of the state in Blacksburg. While they probably won't be much of a target for a team looking to move, if the NFL chooses to expand, expect VA Beach to be under consideration.
City: Birmingham, AL Population: 212,038 Other Pro/Major College Teams: None Pros: The southeastern United States is strangely lacking in professional football teams. While the dominant SEC dominates the local sports fans attention, it seems like fertile ground in which to plant an NFL franchise. Birmingham is the largest city in Alabama, and doesn't have a local team in the city. Cons: It is on the smaller side of NFL cities, and it's not a sure thing that the dyed-in-the-wool Alabama football fans will change their spending from the Tigers and the Crimson Tide enough to really allow the team to take root. Likelihood: Very low.
City: London, England Population: 8,308,369 Other Pro/Major College Teams: Like, half the Premier league and a bunch of rugby, cricket, and at least one NFL game a year. Pros: The NFL has been playing games in London for a few years, and fan support has been steady. Wembley Stadium seats over 86,000 for American football. While many Brits seem to find our American game incomprehensible (but somehow find a way to figure out Cricket), there is some fan support for the game. Goodell has publicly expressed an interest in getting a team to London sooner than later, so there is definite management support. Cons: Imagine the 49ers travelling to the London teams, and you're talking about a 20-some-odd hour flight. American free agents will probably often be very hesitant to go to England. The London team's travel times to ANY games, even those "close" games on the US east coast would be a huge disadvantage. Their body clocks would also be completely thrown off, and jet-lag would become a factor. Likelihood: Very, but I believe it will be short-lived. The logistics and other factors of having a European-based team in an American league is just awful, and I think over time that would bear itself out.
City: Omaha, NE Population: 421,570 Other Pro/Major College Teams: None Pros: Omaha is a growing city, and Nebraska's economy is one of the strongest in the nation. While the state of Nebraska lives and dies by their Huskers (located at the University of Nebraska an hour away in Lincoln) Omaha's distinct lack of any major college or pro sports seems to be odd. The Huskers manage to scrape up enough people to fill their 90,000 capacity stadium in a city half the size of Omaha every week, so I think Omaha could very well support a team. The midwest is underserved with pro ball, forcing most Nebraskans to split between the Rams, Chiefs, or Broncos. I work with a few people from Omaha, and they tell me there's too much residual hate of the University of Texas for Cowboys fandom to take root. Omaha has a burgeoning music and art scene, and probably wouldn't be a detriment to free agents. Cons: No ready made stadium, and a lack of too much of a metro area. Knowing how absolutely religiously dedicated Nebraskans can be to their Cornhuskers, I'm not convinced an NFL team can really gain traction. This might be pure college ball territory. Likelihood: Not bad. I think Omaha would be a good location, and could be a great place for an expansion team.

Recruiting Round-Up-1/22-1/24 Edition (Catch Up)

2017:
Kennesaw State: 2* LB Courtney Mills (Powder Springs, GA/McEachern), 2* RB Jaxton Carson (Phenix City, AL/Central)
Miami OH: 3* DE Joshua Maize (Deerfield, IL/Deerfield)
Georgia Southern: 3* DE Kenton Tucker (Jacksonville, FL/First Coast), 3* LB Chris Harris Jr. (Savannah, GA/Benedictine Military School)
Baylor: 2* DE Rob Saulin (Pennsville, NJ/Pennsville Memorial), 3* OT Khalil Keith (Alpine, AL/Winterboro), 3* LB Bryson Jackson (Mansfield, TX/Lake Ridge), 3* DE Cole Maxwell (Allen, TX/Allen), 3* OT Henry Klinge (Southlake, TX/Southlake Carroll), 3* WR Gavin Holmes (Justin, TX/Northwest)
Primary Recruiter (Holmes): Joey McGuire
Michigan State: 3* DE DeAri Todd (Lorain, OH/Clearview), 3* CB Tre Person (Atlanta, GA/Westlake), 3* WR Raheem Blackshear (Warminster, PA/Archbishop Wood)
Primary Recruiter (Todd): Jim Bollman
Primary Recruiter (Person): Harlon Barnett
Primary Recruiter (Blackshear): Terry Samuel
Georgia State: NR DE Hardrick Willis (Jonesboro, GA/Mundy's Mill)
Primary Recruiter: Jess Simpson
Houston: 2* RB Davion Ford (Rockdale, TX/Rockdale), 2* S Grant Stuard (Conroe, TX/Oak Ridge), 3* LB Amaud Willis-Dalton (Cypress, TX/Cy Ranch)
Lamar: NR OT Micah McComb (El Campo, TX/El Campo), 2* RB Kirkland Banks (Lake Charles, LA/Barbe), NR OT Humberto Lopez (Austin, TX/Reagan)
Vanderbilt: 3* DE Stone Edwards (Hillsborough, NC/Orange)
Primary Recruiter: CJ Ah You
Delaware: NR RB Khory Spruill (Hyattsville, MD/DeMatha Catholic), 3* TE Braden Atkinson (Baltimore, MD/The Boys' Latin School)
UConn: 2* S Darrian Beavers (Cincinnati, OH/Colerain), NR CB Garrison Burnett (Washington, DC/Maret School), 3* DT Caleb Thomas (Mansfield, TX/Mansfield)
Sacred Heart: NR CB William Corchado (Hicksville, NY/Holy Trinity Diocesan)
Georgia Tech: 3* S Avery Showell (Alpharetta, GA/St. Francis), 3* DE Kelton Dawson (Stockbridge, GA/Stockbridge), 3* S Jaquan Henderson (Covington, GA/Newton), 3* DE Antwan Owens (Tallahassee, FL/Amos P. Godby)
Primary Recruiter (Dawson): Ron West
Primary Recruiter (Henderson): Ron West
Cincinnati: 3* CB Justus Harris (Roswell, GA/Roswell), 3* LB Kyle Bolden (Cincinnati, OH/Colerain), NR DT Jabari Taylor (Akron, OH/Archbishop Hoban)
Texas Southern: 2* QB Austin Sessums (Tampa, FL/Tampa Catholic)
Western Michigan: 2* DE Ali Fayad (Dearborn, MI/Dearborn), 3* LB Corvin Moment (Vero Beach, FL/Vero Beach), 3* OT Zenden Dellinger (Fort Wayne, IN/R Nelson Snider), 3* OT Mohammed Elazazy (Menasha, WI/Menasha)
Morgan State: NR LB Tyler Wipper (Paramus, NJ/Paramus Catholic), NR QB Dion Golatt (Upper Marlboro, MD/Riverdale Baptist), NR QB Anthony Butler (Philadelphia, PA/Roman Catholic)
Bowling Green: 3* LB Noah Harvey (Hartland, WI/Arrowhead), NR OT Matthew Guevremont (Hayward, CA/Chabot College), 2* WR Calvin Clater (Fort Worth, TX/South Hills), NR DT Caylon May (Olympia Fields, IL/Rich Central Campus)
Virginia Tech: 4* LB Dylan Rivers (Stephens City, VA/Sherando), 3* DE Robert Porcher IV (Orlando, FL/Dr. Phillips)
Primary Recruiter (Rivers): Bud Foster
Primary Recruiter (Porcher IV): Galen Scott
Lehigh: NR DT Jason Dooling (Hammond, LA/St. Thomas Aquinas)
Kansas: NR CB Antonio Cole (Edmond, OK/Edmond North/Highland CC), 2* WR Quan Hampton (Texarkana, TX/Texas), NR S Darreon Jackson (Derby, KS/Derby/Coffeyville CC)
FAU: NR CB Rodney Washington (El Cerrito, CA/El Cerrito/Contra Costa College)
Air Force: NR K Jack Faron (Saint Louis, MO/Parkway North), 3* WR David Cormier (Albuquerque, NM/Volcano Vista), 2* DT Dominick Covatto (Erie, PA/Cathedral Prep)
San Jose State: NR WR Sitaleki Nunn (San Mateo, CA/Junipero Serra), 2* OG Jesse Chamberlain (Burbank, CA/Burroughs), 3* CB Tre White (Concord, CA/De La Salle), 3* DT Jamaar Hardy (Antioch, CA/Deer Valley)
Tulsa: 2* ATH Reed Martin (Tulsa, OK/Lincoln Christian School)
Southern Miss: 3* CB Emanuel Dabney (Jackson, MS/Callaway), 2* CB Tyler Jack (Lucedale, MS/George County/Pearl River CC)
Rice: 2* RB Cameron Montgomery (Stafford, TX/Stafford)
Boise State: 2* OG Sean Seawards (Scottsdale, AZ/Saguaro)
Texas State: NR OT Marshall Levins (Mansfield, OH/Mansfield/Fullerton College), NR OT Anthony Mayes (Washington, DC/Woodson/Lackawanna CC), NR WR TJ Bedford (Covington, LA/St. Pauls School)
Old Dominion: NR DT Janaz Jordan (Hampton, VA/Bethel), NR TE Keion White (Garner, NC/Garner), NR RB Matthew Laroche (Venice, FL/Venice)
Primary Recruiter (Jordan): Kermit Buggs
Southeast Missouri State: NR ATH Taylen Waller (Fort Lauderdale, FL/South Plantation)
Toledo: 3* LB Tadarrius Patterson (Birmingham, AL/George Washington Carver), 3* ATH DeAmonte King (Akron, OH/St. Vincent-St. Mary), 3* DE Jamal Hines (Cincinnati, OH/Princeton)
Western Kentucky: 3* DE Calder Marria (Jonesboro, GA/Jonesboro)
Houston Baptist: NR CB Ethan Beek (Katy, TX/Taylor)
Monmouth: 2* WR Terrance Greene (Philadelphia, PA/St. Joseph's)
Northwestern: 2* TE Alex Oelsner (Longmont, CO/Niwot)
Florida State: 4* LB Hamsah Nasirildeen (Concord, NC/Concord)
Primary Recruiter: Jay Graham
Central Missouri: NR WR Shae Wyatt (Omaha, NE/Millard West)
Wake Forest: 2* OG Sean Maginn (Suwanee, GA/North Gwinnett)
Missouri: 2* S Tyree Gillespie (Ocala, FL/Vanguard), 3* QB Taylor Powell (Fayetteville, AFayetteville)
Southern: 2* Jakobi Jones (Metairie, LA/Archbishop Rummel)
San Diego State: 3* CB Tayari Venable (Rancho Cucamonga, CA/Rancho Cucamonga)
Washington State: 2* WR Davontavean Martin (Houma, LA/Ellender Memorial), 2* DE Dallas Hobbs (Cedar Rapids, IA/Deerfield Academy), 3* DE Willie Rodgers (Saginaw, MI/Arthur Hill)
Indiana: 2* RB Craig Nelson (Miami, FL/Booker T. Washington), 3* QB Nick Tronti (Ponte Vedra Beach, FL/Ponte Vedra)
Primary Recruiter (Nelson): Deland McCullough
Primary Recruiter (Tronti): Shawn Watson
Charlotte: 3* DE Chrishawn Wilson (Florence, SC/West Florence), 2* QB Mic Roof (Buford, GA/Buford)
Fresno State: 2* S Zane Pope (Moorpark, CA/Moorpark)
Minnesota: 3* CB Adam Beck (Richmond, TX/George Ranch)
Primary Recruiter: Maurice Linguist
Prairie View A&M: 3* WR Kaleb O'Bryant (Houston, TX/Cy Creek)
Marist: NR S Maxx Imsho (Middletown, NJ/Middletown South)
Rutgers: 2* LB Brendan De Vera (Wayne, NJ/Wayne Hills), 3* DE Tijaun Mason (Memphis, TN/Trezevant)
Primary Recruiter (Mason): Shane Burnham
Tennessee: 3* RB Timothy Jordan (Bartow, FL/Bartow), 3* WR Josh Palmer (Fort Lauderdale, FL/St. Thomas Aquinas)
Primary Recruiter (Jordan): Robert Gillespie
Primary Recruiter (Palmer): Zach Azzanni
UMass: 2* DE Jake Byczko (Groton, MA/Lawrence Academy), 3* WR Jacoby Herring (Moreno Valley, CA/Citrus Hill/Riverside CC), 3* LB Claudin Cherelus (Naples, FL/Golden Gate)
Primary Recruiter (Byczko): Matt Dawson
Primary Recruiter (Herring): Spencer Whipple
Eastern Illinois: NR LB Austin Johnson (Saint Petersburg, FL/Saint Petersburg)
Kansas State: 3* LB Danny Walker (Wheaton, IL/Wheaton North)
UCLA: 4* CB Elijah Gates (Buena Park, CA/Buena Park)
Primary Recruiter: Demetrice Martin
Harvard: 3* RB Devin Darrington (Potomac, MD/The Bullis School)
South Alabama: 3* LB Kendric Haynes (Mobile, AL/Murphy)
Abilene Christian: NR DE Cordell Ijoma (Houston, TX/Cy Falls)
Temple: NR LB Arnold Ebiketie (Kensington, MD/Albert Einstein)
Primary Recruiter: Jim Panagos
Arkansas State: NR ATH Chad Gooden (Douglasville, GA/Douglas County), 3* S Michael Johnson (Hialeah, FL/Champagnat Catholic-Hialeah/Mt. San Antonio College)
USC: 4* DT Marlon Tuipulotu (Independence, OCentral)
Primary Recruiter: Johnny Nansen
Tennessee State: NR WR Al-Malik Moore (Miami, FL/Northwestern)
TCU: NR DT Ezra Tu'ua (Anchorage, AK/Dimond/Los Angeles Harbor College)
Primary Recruiter: Zarnell Fitch
Tulane: 2* S Monty Montgomery (Norcross, GA/Norcross)
New Mexico: NR DE Rayshawn Boyce (Los Angeles, CA/Salesian/Los Angeles Valley College)
Oklahoma: 3* CB Tre Norwood (Fort Smith, ANorthside)
Primary Recruiter: Kerry Cooks
Purdue: 3* OT Viktor Beach (Fort Myers, FL/Bishop Verot)
Northern Colorado: NR RB DJ Hinton (Tucson, AZ/Sahuaro)
Stephen F. Austin: 3* WR Josh Thompson (Garland, TX/Garland)
Washington: 3* DE Ali Gaye (Edmonds, WA/Edmonds Woodway)
UCF: 3* DT Jamari Chisholm (Valdosta, GA/Valdosta/Northeastern Oklahoma A&M)
Primary Recruiter: Ryan Held
UL-Lafayette: 3* TE Chase Rogers (Bay Saint Louis, MS/St. Stanislaus), NR OT Spencer Gardner (Opelousas, LA/Opelousas Catholic School)
UAB: 3* LB Thomas Johnston (Spanish Fort, AL/Spanish Fort), 3* WR Eugene Minter (Birmingham, AL/Parker), 2* OT Patrick Nuss (Birmingham, AL/Vestavia Hills)
North Texas: 2* OT Brian Parish (Arlington, TX/Seguin), 2* DT Devon Tibbs (Houston, TX/Lamar)
Jacksonville State: NR CB Charles Crawford (Mobile, AL/Vigor)
Nevada: NR OG Anthony Palomares (Riverside, CA/Patriot/Victor Valley College)
Iowa: 3* WR Henry Marchese (Lincolnshire, IL/Adlai Stevenson)
Oregon State: 3* RB Calvin Tyler (Silsbee, TX/Silsbee)
Troy: NR OT Austin Stidham (Russellville, AL/Russellville)
Grambling State: 3* WR Gregory White (Riverdale, GA/Riverdale)
Campbell: NR OT Eddie Rox (Pinson, AL/Clay-Chalkville)
William & Mary: NR OC Cory Ryder (Nantucket, MA/Nantucket)
Seton Hall: NR RB Jordan Canady (West Palm Beach, FL/Palm Beach Lakes)
Portland State: 2* S Anthony Adams (Newberg, ONewberg)
Coastal Carolina: NR CB Jave Brown (Somerset, NJ/Franklin/Lackawanna CC)
UNLV: 3* OG Justice Oluwaseun (Richmond, TX/Foster)
UPenn: 3* TE Sire Woods (La Mirada, CA/La Mirada)
Arizona: 3* DE Anthony Pandy (Harbor City, CA/Narbonne)
Primary Recruiter: Marcel Yates
Kent State: 2* FB Kesean Gamble (Cincinnati, OH/Cincinnati Hills Christian Academy)
Cal Poly: NR QB Kyle Reid (Los Gatos, CA/Los Gatos)
Louisiana Tech: NR CB Michael Sam (New Iberia, LA/New Iberia/Trinity Valley CC)
Southern Utah: 2* LB Donovan Faumui (Provo, UT/Timpview)
Colorado State: 3* DE David Porter (Little Rock, AJoe T. Robinson)
Primary Recruiter: Bryan Applewhite
2018:
SMU: 3* LB Tre Allison (Tyler, TX/John Tyler)
Iowa: 3* OG Jeffrey Jenkins (Crystal Lake, IL/Prairie Ridge)
Primary Recruiter: Brian Ferentz

gambling lincoln city oregon video

Welcome to the home page for the City of Lincoln City, Oregon. If you are looking to find a City Council or Planning Commission Agenda, review a City Budget, or want to find a fillable form for a Building Permit, you've come to the right place. We aim to provide as much information about our City government as possible on our website, including streaming videos of recent City Council and ... Oregon casinos, cruise ships, horsetracks and dogtracks - the complete gambling landscape of Oregon. Includes Oregon casino details, gambling news and tweets in Oregon, area maps, Oregon entertainment, coupons offers... Top Lincoln City Casinos: See reviews and photos of casinos & gambling attractions in Lincoln City, Oregon on Tripadvisor. The most populous city of the State is Portland. We count 16 gaming establishments in OR. They provide more than 6,500 slot machines, 120 gaming tables, 25 poker tables as well as 5 horse tracks. The Grande Ronde Spirit Mountain Casino is one of the biggest gaming venues of Oregon (OR). This attractive place suggests over 2,000 slot machines, a ... Lincoln City, Oregon: Casinos and gambling details regarding the latest casino news, poker tournaments, slot machine details, pari-mutuel (horse, dog racing), and more topics. Vital information and images of most gambling facilities in Lincoln City. In late 2018 and early 2019, Lincoln County Public Health partnered with Partnership Against Alcohol and Drug Abuse (PAADA), a local community coalition, to complete a community assessment about problem gambling. In order to capture local perceptions and knowledge about problem gambling, community members throughout th Events From ghoulish ghost story tours to fresh farmers’ markets to kaleidoscopic kite festivals, there’s always something happening in Lincoln City. Learn More Top 6 Reasons to get Married in Lincoln City With the soothing sound of the sea, the soft sand under your shoes and the backdrop of the Oregon Coast—let the beauty and joy of our Pacific Wonderland add to your special day. Found in United States, (in the state of Oregon), Lincoln city is undoubtedly a small town containing a total of 8000 inhabitants. There is a single well established casino in Lincoln city: Lincoln City Chinook Winds Casino. Apart from the regular slot machine games and gambling tables, you can also indulge in other forms of entertainment, including special evenings, shows, snack foods, happy ... Oregon Revised Statutes. Chapter 30 — Actions and Suits in Particular Cases. 30.740 Right of gambling loser to recover double losses. All persons losing money or anything of value at or on any unlawful game described in ORS 167.117, 167.122 and 167.127 shall have a cause of action to recover from the dealer winning the same, or proprietor for whose benefit such game was played or dealt, or ... in Gambling News, Oregon's. Oregon’s Chinook Winds Casino to reopen Friday. by OnlineGamblingDaily January 12, 2021, 4:41 pm 1.3k Views. A fter six weeks of closure, the Siletz Tribal Council has decided to reopen the Chinook Winds Casino Resort (CWCR) in Lincoln City, Oregon, with increased safety measures in place at 10 a.m. on Friday, January 15. On December 1, the council shut down the ...

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